required documents

Question 1

What is Fed. 10 about?

Answer 1

how the constitution will protect minority groups from majority groups

Question 2

why didn’t Fed’s like pure democracy?

Answer 2

in a pure democracy, the majority always wins, which will leave minority groups vulnerable

Question 3

How does Madison feel about factions?

Answer 3

Although factions are damaging, it is human nature for them to form

Question 4

What is a faction?

Answer 4

A group of people who are united by a common interest that is in conflict with the interests of other citizens.

Question 5

what are the two methods of getting rid of factions?

Answer 5

To address a faction you can either get rid of whatever caused the faction or make it so that everybody thinks the same.

Question 6

What are two methods of removing the causes of factions?

Answer 6

To remove the causes of a faction, you can remove liberties that are essential for the faction to exist or force everybody to think the same.

Question 7

How does Madison feel about the two methods of removing the causes of factions?

Answer 7

Removing the liberties that are crucial for factions to exist is worse than simply having factions. This is because the liberties that are crucial for the existence of factions are also crucial for a healthy democracy.

making everyone think the same is impossible because as long as people are able to make mistakes and have the ability to voice their opinions, people will form different opinions. It is of human nature for men to have different opinions so trying to prevent that is impossible.

Question 8

What does Madison say about the causes of faction?

Answer 8

People withdifferent life conditions will have different perspectives on issues. People become divided by those different perspectives and form factions

Question 9

How is it proposed to solve the issue of factions?

Answer 9

Factions can be managed through a republic government with a large society.

Question 10

what are the advantages/disadvantages of large republics?

Answer 10

In a Republic, representatives are elected to vote on policies, and these representatives are less likely to make sacrifices for the public good because of temporary political upheavals.

Question 11

what happens if a person who is part of a faction becomes a leader in a large republic?

Answer 11

It is possible, for people who are part of factions to political power and become an elected official. Thats why its important that a republic is implemented within a large society, as since there will be a larger number of representatives and a larger body of people voting on representatives, it will be more difficult to deceive the people.

Question 12

Why is it not an issue that a larger republic will result in more factions?

Answer 12

Although there will be more factions, there will be many with competing interests, so they will be weaker than that of small republics.

Question 13

What is Brutus 1 about?

Answer 13

Brutus 1 is an anti-federalist paper highlighting flaws in the proposed constitution

Question 14

what question does Brutus 1 answe

Answer 14

Is a confederated government the best for the U.S. or not?

confederated government = weak centeral, powerful states

Question 15

Why does Brutus think the ability to amend the constitution isn’t enough to protect personal libertly?

Answer 15

In the constitution there are bound to be issues that need to be fixed, and although in principle, this can be done, in practice people in power rarely give it back

Question 16

Which specific sections in the (proposed) Constitution (regarding the strength of the federal government) does Brutus indicate are especially troublesome?

Answer 16

Brutus argues that the necessary and proper + the supremacy clause are particularly problematic

Question 17

where is the necessary and proper clause?

Answer 17

Article 1 section 8

Question 18

where is the supremacy clause?

Answer 18

Article 6 section 2

Question 19

What is Brutus’s problem with Article 1, section 8

Answer 19

the anti-feds dislike the necessary and proper clause because what is necessary and proper is loosely defined. This gives the government the power to reduce the power of the state government, and since they have the ability to do it, they most likely will as the need for power is implanted in human nature.

Question 20

What is Brutus’s problem with Article 6, section 2?

Answer 20

if all powers given to the constitution are supreme and states cannot disagree with the constitution, inevitably the national government will give itself power and only a small amount of power will be left to the states.

Question 21

Why does Brutus feel about large republics? (about conflicting ideas)

Answer 21

• In a large republic, representatives cannot represent the will of the people, as there will be a lot of diversity in people’s political perspectives.
• Additionally, because people will have conflicting ideas, people will eventually become more concerned with striving against each other rather than promoting public good,

Question 22

Why do Anti-Feds think that large republics are more easily fooled?

Answer 22

Brutus believes that in a large republic, rich people will be able to gain political power as they can easily influence the population’s perception of public good whereas in a small republic, the interests of the public are easily understood.

Question 23

What effects does Brutus see as a result of allowing Congress to “lay and collect taxes?”

Answer 23

The congress has the ability to tax people for the public good, but they also define what is the public good. Since the congress gets to create the definition of what they get to tax on, the congress might end up over taxing the states with nothing to stop them.

Question 24

declaration of independence

Answer 24

sets up the ideals the country was founded on, listed grievances of the king

Question 25

DOR: preamble

Answer 25

all men are created equal and have inalienable rights to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. governments get their power from the people. The people can abolish the government if they don’t protect the rights of the people

Question 26

limited government

Answer 26

the concept that governments should be restricted by law or constitutions

Question 27

AOC: why did the economy suffer under the AOC

Answer 27

a central government lacked the power to tax or regulate commerce

Question 28

Powers of the AOC

Answer 28

it could coin money, direct a post office, and negotiate with foreign powers, request states for money if needed.

Question 29

How was the AOC structured

Answer 29

There was one branch. States could send up to 7 legislators, but they each had 1 vote. there was no independent judicial branch and no way of enforcing policies.

Question 30

How did amendments work under the AOC

Answer 30

each state had to agree

Question 31

limitations of the AOC

Answer 31

couldn’t force states to carry out its policies, could raise an army, but couldn’t fund it,

Question 32

could the AOC have a president

Answer 32

they could, but he could only maintain order and count votes.

Question 33

const. Article 1

Answer 33

The form and powers of the legislative branch.

Question 34

const. Article 2

Answer 34

executive branch

• talks about the method of electing a president
• talks about the powers of the president

Question 35

const. Article 3

Answer 35

judicial branch

• constitution has 1 federal supreme court
• gives the power to make other courts

Question 36

what does Fed. 51 ask?

Answer 36

what are the means to lay out a system in which power is divided among several branches of government, as detailed in the constitution?

Question 37

What does separation of power require?

Answer 37

For proper separation of powers to be implemented in the government, each branch of government should have little influence over the other branches and have no agency of the appointed members of the other branches.

Question 38

What is the great security against one department growing too powerful?`

Answer 38

The best security against one department of the government growing to be too powerful is by giving each branch of government the ability through the constitution and an incentive to check the power of the other branches of government. Maddison argues that it is important for ambition to contradict ambition, because human beings have a tendency to become corrupt and greedy, so you must structure the government in such a way that the government is obliged to control itself.

Question 39

Which branch will dominate in a republican government? What is the remedy for this?**

Answer 39

In a republican government, the legislative party has a tendency to dominate. To remedy this, it is important to split the legislative branch into two branches, with each branch having different principles of action and different methods of electing officials. Each branch much also be as separate from the other as possible.

Question 40

why shouldn’t the judiciary be democratically elected?

Answer 40

Although it is ideal for all the members of each branch of government to be democratically elected, since it takes a lot of advanced education to become a proficient judge, Judges should not be elected democratically as the average person may not know what it takes to be a good Judge.

Question 41

What is fed 70 about?

Answer 41

justifying the need for a single executive

Question 42

the executive branch, according to the feds, should be identified by what quality?

Answer 42

energy. A single executive will be able to act quickly and decisively

Question 43

Why is having multiple executives bad according to the Feds?
what paper details this?

Answer 43

Fed 70 says that there are 2 main drawbacks to having multiple executives:

1) they will naturally disagree with each other sometimes, leading to them being lest fast and efficient
2) with multiple executives people won’t know who to blame when stuff goes wrong

Question 44

what constitutional clause most relates to the letter from Birmingham jail?

Answer 44

Equal protection clause, 14th amendment

Question 45

what did mlk argue is necessary for progress? why?

Answer 45

nonviolent tension. privileged groups don’t voluntarily give up power, so they must be pressured and prodded.

Question 46

why should freedom fighters ignore criticisms of privileged people?

Answer 46

its easy for people who have never experienced discrimination to tell the oppressed to wait for justice, and that they are being to inconvenient in their activism. In reality, privileged people will always find activism inconvenient.

Question 47

what does mlk say about unjust laws?

Answer 47

unjust laws are no law at all, you are morally obligated to break unjust laws

Question 48

who are the most disappointing group of people in the civil rights movement according to mlk?

Answer 48

white moderators because they are more concerned with peace than justice. He also dislikes white moderates who think that progress will eventually come, because time is neutral.

Question 49

what fed. 78 about

Answer 49

how and how long justices should be appointed

Question 50

how long should supreme court justices be appointed? why?

Answer 50

life time appointments are important to keep the legislature as independent as possible. judges won’t have to worry about pleasing the masses. They also have to know a shit ton of material, so its unrealistic to have shorter terms