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Rome Study Guide > Republic > Flashcards

Republic Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the Curia

A

The Senatorial meeting house

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2
Q

Number of Senate members

A

300

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3
Q

Two aspects of Senatorial dress

A

(1) Toga (2) with purple stripe

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4
Q

“Power” held by Senate

A

Auctoritas (no legislative power)

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5
Q

Values of Greek tryphe

A

Opulence, richness, abundance, luxury, idleness

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6
Q

Conservative Roman value

A

Mos maiorum (custom of the ancestors)

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7
Q

Approximate date for Alexander mosaic

A

ca. 310 BC

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8
Q

Depiction of Alexander mosaic

A

Alexander vs. Darius III at Issus (333 BC)

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9
Q

Founding of Temple of Hercules Victor

A

146 BC

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10
Q

Form of Temple of Hercules Victor

A

Tholos (circular in shape)

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11
Q

Symbolism of having Temple of Hercules Victor in Rome

A

Demonstrates Rome having fully conquered Greece and Greek culture
- Greek (demi)god
- Greek temple structure
- commemorated by Mummius, destroyer of Corinth

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12
Q

Financing and materials of Temple of Hercules Victor

A
  • Greek spoils
  • materials from Athens
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13
Q

Earliest Roman walls (2nd c. - 1st c. BC)

A

Opus incertum

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14
Q

Middle Roman walls (1st c. BC - 1st c. AD)

A

Opus reticulatum

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15
Q

Latest Roman walls (from 1st c. BC onward)

A

Opus testaceum

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16
Q

Founding date of Pompey’s Theater

A

55 BC

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17
Q

Patron of Pompey’s Theater

A

Venus Victrix

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18
Q

Features of the Cavea of Pompey’s Theater

A
  • seating area
  • “steps” to the temple
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19
Q

“Purpose” of the theater (Pompey’s Theater)

A

Ritual activities

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20
Q

Purposes of the porticoes of Pompey’s Theater

A
  • gardens for the public
  • meeting rooms for the Senate
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21
Q

Why Pompey’s Theater needed to be disguised as a temple

A

Theaters were only ever temporary since they promoted Greek ideas. Therefore Pompey needed to win over the people and the Senate by establishing a theater (for the people) under the guise of it being a massive Roman temple (for the Senate).

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22
Q

Effect of Caesar’s comet

A

Established an affirmation for the deification of Caesar in the eyes of the Romans

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23
Q

Parts of Roman names

A

Praenomen, nomen, cognomen

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24
Q

Timespan of the Republic

A

509-31/27 BC

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25
Q

Two characteristics of consuls

A
  • held military authority
  • presidency went back and forth each day
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26
Q

Three characteristics of centuriates

A
  • elected officials
  • men who fought in the army
  • wealthiest 10% of people and dominated elections
27
Q

Three characteristics of plebs

A
  • formed after people went on strikes
  • excluded aristocrats
  • originally only had influence over plebs, but later eveyone
28
Q

How tribal assemblies were formed

A

Based on location, which led to gerrymandering of sorts

29
Q

Shared authority of centuriate, pleb, and tribal assemblies

A

Each could pass laws

30
Q

Three different types of citizenship

A
  • full citizenship
  • Latin rights (from trade and intermarriage w/ Romans)
  • citizenship without the vote (for those who wanted rights but couldn’t make it to Rome to vote)
31
Q

The conflicts shown in the XII Tables

A

Patricians vs. plebeians and debt bondages

32
Q

The Comitium

A

Circular area for citizens to meet and talk

33
Q

Why the Forum was constantly being rebuilt

A

Leaders wanted to make their mark on the Forum to be remembered

34
Q

Purpose of the Comitium

A

Citizens’ voting space in sight of the gods (had a sanctified zone)

35
Q

The Rostra

A

The speaker’s platform and where the XII tables were

36
Q

The REPUBLICAN Regia

A

Home of the Pontifex Maximus (had the earlier kings’ religious duties)

37
Q

Purpose of Temple of Saturn (497 BC - 283 AD)

A

State treasury

38
Q

The Equites

A

Wealthy class that weren’t senators; served in army and maintained horses for the cavalry

39
Q

Five first peoples conquered by Rome during expansion

A

Etruscans, Samnites, Italian Greeks, Carthaginians, Greece

40
Q

Layout of Rome as opposed to literally anywhere else

A

Haphazard (they blame it on the Gallic Sack) (was the only aspect of Rome that everywhere else didn’t replicate)

41
Q

Roman general credited with the Sack of Syracuse (211 BC)

A

Marcellus

42
Q

What partly caused a huge influx of Greek culture to enter Rome

A

Battle of Pydna (168 BC):
- 150,000 enslaved people brought to Rome
- 250 wagons of paintings, statues, etc.

43
Q

Parts of a Domus Italica (4th c. - 3rd c. BC)

A

Fauces, atrium, compluvium/impluvium, cubicula, alae, tablinum, triclinium, hortus

44
Q

Hellenized Domus (as opposed to a Domus Italica)

A
  • double in size
  • peristyle garden (had art, sculpture, etc. and was of limited access)
45
Q

A common element in Roman terror

A

Torture (hacking off limbs, burning wounds, general brutality, etc.)

46
Q

Senatorial property (two aspects)

A
  • acquired land from small landholders while on campaign
  • massive estates worked entirely by enslaved people
47
Q

Crisis of the Republic

A
  • backbone of army is gone
  • no small landholders to enroll in legions
  • massive influx of urban poor at Rome
48
Q

Vilicus

A

the head of a villa (was also an enslaved person but was treated relatively better)

49
Q

Three parts of the typical Republican villa

A
  • Pars urbana: owner and his otium
  • Pars rustica: enslaved people, animals, tools
  • Pars fructuaria: processing and storage of products
50
Q

Gracchan policy

A
  • elite class get 300-350 acres each
  • all other land goes back to the people
  • found colonies abroad
  • secure grain supply for urban poor
51
Q

Deeds of Marius

A
  • recruits from urban poor
  • promises land and military services
  • binds army to general, not senate or state
  • standardized armor, training, and job
52
Q

Roman triumph

A
  • required senatorial sanction and a minimum of 5000 enemy casualties
  • general dressed as Jupiter OM statue
  • enslaved person whispering “remember that you are a man”
  • general was at the BACK of the parade
  • temple was typically built to commemorate it
53
Q

Notable transition in Largo Argentina Temple Complex

A

From typical Tuscan/Italic to Hellenized tholos (beehive) style

54
Q

How Caesar gained so much territory and love from the people

A
  • manipulated tribes to fight each other and then was peacekeeper
  • money he earned he gave to Rome and the people
  • was constantly bankrupt and thus was constantly fighting
55
Q

Deeds of Sulla

A
  • instated proscriptions
  • strengthened aristocracy
  • shifted politics to be on a grander scale
56
Q

Architectural changes that resulted from increased interaction with Near East

A

Roman arch and barred vaults

57
Q

Materials in Roman concrete

A

Lime mortar, pozzolana, caementa

58
Q

Characteristics of Sulla’s Forum

A
  • ground level raised by 1 meter
  • marble pavement
  • new Curia
  • rebuilt Capitolium (w/ Athenian columns)
59
Q

The Tabularium

A

A records office built by Sulla

60
Q

Location of Pompey’s Theater

A

In Campus Martius, outside Pomerium

61
Q

Caesar’s Forum

A
  • rectangle with porticoes
  • open space for public business
  • dominated by temple to Venus Genetrix
  • first of the Fora built by emperors
  • completed by Augustus
62
Q

Members of First Triumvirate

A

Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

63
Q

Members of Second Triumvirate

A

Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus

64
Q

How Octavian won over people (despite being a menace in the past)

A

Spread propaganda against Antony and showing himself as upholding traditional Italian values

Rome Study Guide (3 decks)

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