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Rome Study Guide > Kingdom > Flashcards

Kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

Most famous (Livy’s) account of Rome’s founding

A

Romulus and Remus as sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia

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2
Q

Number of distinct versions of the story of Rome’s founding

A

62

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3
Q

Traditional founding date of Rome

A

April 21, 753 BC

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4
Q

Two key characteristics of Rhea Silvia

A

Vestal Virgin; daughter of Numitor

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5
Q

Two individuals who raised the twins

A

The she-wolf; Faustulus the shepherd

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6
Q

Potential historical reason for founding date being in April

A

Late spring was when the shepherds would return from winter pasture

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7
Q

Three aspects of the critical school

A
  • early villages are pre-urban and probably independent
  • “Rome” is founded ca. 7th c. BC under Etruscan influence
  • Stadtwerdung (“City-development”)
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8
Q

Four aspects of the trustworthy school

A
  • founded ca. 8th c. BC
  • one “political” foundation on Palatine
  • Rome is a political and religious community
  • Stadtgründung (“City-foundation”)
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9
Q

Four aspects of 8th c. Palatine huts

A
  • one family to a hut
  • separate huts for cooking and fires
  • volcanic rock has holes left from vertical posts
  • inhabited by shepherds and farmers
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10
Q

Construction of 8th c. Palatine huts

A
  • straw + mud on sides
  • thatched roofs
  • vertical posts
  • drainage channels all around
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11
Q

Characteristic and usage of valleys between 7 hills

A

Swamps used for burials

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12
Q

Women’s freedoms in Etruscan society

A
  • could attend drinking parties and sporting events
  • were buried in extravagant tombs
  • could hold power
  • could interpret omens
  • could own property
  • perhaps had a higher degree of literacy
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13
Q

The Comitium

A
  • circular area
  • contains Lapis Niger and Shrine of Vulcan
  • has a royal monument
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14
Q

The Curia

A
  • meeting place of the Senate
  • behind the Comitium
  • likely an old Etruscan-style temple
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15
Q

Another name for the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

A

The Capitolium

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16
Q

Construction of Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

A
  • Tuscan-style temple
  • columns on porch AND side (as opposed to just the perimeter)
  • tripartite cella (w/ Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva)
  • made from local stone and clay
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17
Q

Legendary founding time period for Servian Walls

A

ca. 6th c. BC

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18
Q

Actual approximate founding date for Servian Walls

A

Post-Gallic Sack (390 BC)

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19
Q

Material used for Servian Walls

A

Grotta oscura from Veii (conquered around 395 BC)

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20
Q

Construction of Servian Walls

A

Agger and Fossa (earthen ramp and ditch)

21
Q

Location of Servian Walls

A

Around Esquiline Hill (includes all urban space and weak zones)

22
Q

Two literary sources on founding of Rome (annalistic tradition)

A

Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus

23
Q

Two literary sources on founding of Rome (antiquarian tradition)

A

M. Terrentius Varro and Verrius Flaccus

24
Q

Material found on west (Tyrrhenian) coast of Italy

A

Tufa: soft volcanic stone

25
Q

Metal resources found in Etruria (north Italy)

A

Copper, iron, tin, lead, silver

26
Q

Mediterranean triad (food)

A

Olives, grapes, grain

27
Q

Livestock of pastoral farmers

A

Sheep, goat, pig, cattle

28
Q

Populace around Tiber River ca. 1500 BC

A

Small villages, maybe temporary shepherd settlement

29
Q

The seven hills of Rome

A

Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, Aventine, Palatine

30
Q

Two modes of burial in 10th c. - 9th c.

A
  • in the valleys between hills (due to marshy land and potential ideas about Underworld)
  • cremation (was reserved for only certain individuals because was an expensive process)
31
Q

The Pomerium

A

The sacred boundary of the city

32
Q

What the Sanctuary of Vesta (8th c. BC) houses

A

The eternal flame of the city

33
Q

The Regia

A

The royal palace

34
Q

Location of the Regia

A

Outside the walls of the Palatine Village and in the valley

35
Q

Etruscan customs adopted by Rome (three)

A
  • toga
  • gladiator fights
  • haruspicy (augury and exstispicy)
36
Q

Deeds of Romulus (Latin)

A
  • establishes asylum on the Arx (Sabines)
  • establishes Senate
  • acquires wives
  • Comitia Curiata
  • becomes a god (sort of)
37
Q

Deed of Numa Pompilius (Sabine)

A

Establishes Roman religion

38
Q

Deeds of Tullus Hostilius (Latin)

A
  • expansion (conquest of Alba Longa)
  • establishes law of war
  • misunderstands religion, gets struck by lightning
39
Q

Deed of Ancus Marcius (Sabine)

A

Enlargement of the city

40
Q

Deeds of Tarquinius Priscus (Greek and Etruscan)

A
  • Demaratos of Corinth (trading power)
  • building and urbanization (drains the Forum)
  • enlarges Senate
  • murdered by Ancus’ sons
41
Q

Deeds of Servius Tullius (Etruscan)

A
  • reaches position through Tanaquil
  • reorganizes military
  • drafts new constitution based on property (meaning the rich can carry every vote)
  • founds Latin language
  • fortifies the city
  • murdered by daughter and son-in-law
42
Q

Deeds of Tarquinius Superbus (Etruscan)

A
  • builds temple of Jupiter on Capitoline
  • subdues Latins
  • acts tyrannically
43
Q

Purpose of paving the Forum

A

Showed a prioritization of the citizens as opposed to the kings and deified figures

44
Q

Construction and purpose for location of the Regia

A
  • typical Etrscuan house
  • more connected to the people from all the hills
  • not extravagant
  • displayed knowledge and understanding of Greek culture/mythology
45
Q

Cloaca Maxima (600 BC)

A

an open drain

46
Q

Layers of Sant’ Omobono Sanctuary (top to bottom)

A
  • 2 temples (3rd c. BC): Fortuna and Mater Matuta (Dawn)
  • a fill with material from 16th c. BC (used to raise ground level)
  • multiple phases of a temple (6th c. BC)
  • early religious activity (7th c. BC)
47
Q

Finds from Sant’ Omobono Sanctuary

A
  • spindle whorls, loom weights
  • Latin and Etruscan inscriptions
  • Greek ceramic vessels
  • imitation Greek ceramic vessels
  • figurines (mostly standing women, one nursing a baby)
  • statues of Minerva and Hercules
48
Q
A

Rome Study Guide (3 decks)

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