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Rome Study Guide > Empire > Flashcards

Empire Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of the Forum of Augustus

A
  • provincial administration
  • ceremony of boys growing into men (putting on the toga)
  • triumphal procession
  • dedication of war spoils
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2
Q

Significance of emperor in breastplate

A

Imperator (military-minded)

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3
Q

Significance of emperor in toga

A
  • Princeps (first citizen)
  • Pontifex Maximus (if also has head-covering)
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4
Q

Significance of emperor with quadriga (four-horse chariot)

A

Triumphator (conqueror)

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5
Q

Significance of emperor (semi-)nude

A

Divus or Divi Filius (claim to divinity)

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6
Q

37% of the graffiti at Pompeii

A

Names

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7
Q

Some of the topics in Pompeian graffiti

A

Politics, mockery, criticism, love, sex, morals, random messages, poetry, etc.

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8
Q

Founding of Column of Trajan

A

112 AD

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9
Q

Construction of Trajan’s Column

A
  • 124’ 7”
  • internal spiral staircase
  • imitates a scroll (narrative spiral)
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10
Q

Uses of Trajan’s Column

A
  • representing conquest of Dacia
  • Trajan’s burial place
  • storing war spoils and a golden urn
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11
Q

Construction of Hadrian’s Pantheon

A
  • Porch: Italic/Roman
  • Cella: circular dome
  • 8 piers and concrete arches
  • open hole at top of dome
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12
Q

Significance of hole at top of dome of Pantheon

A

Access to the heavens and divinities

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13
Q

Founding of Pantheon

A

117-128 AD

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14
Q

Divinity to which Commodus compared himself

A

Hercules

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15
Q

Pose that Mithras always takes

A

Slaying the bull with a dagger

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16
Q

Other animals/beings present in scene with Mithras

A
  • dog
  • snake
  • scorpion
  • raven
  • 2 minor gods: Cautes, Cautopates
17
Q

Location of scene with Mithras

A

In front of a cave and below the sun and moon

18
Q

Potential significance of Mithras’ action

A

Creating, ending, or saving the world

19
Q

Founding of the Arch of Constantine

A

312-315 AD

20
Q

What the Arch of Constantine commemorates

A

His victory at Milvian Bridge

21
Q

Construction of Arch of Constantine

A

Spolia: reused materials for blocks, columns, and sculptures

22
Q

Emperors’ structures from which Arch of Constantine has

A

Trajan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius

23
Q

Pavement of roads

A

gravel, cement, and sand subsurface

24
Q

Types of provinces

A
  • senatorial: no military forces; senate chooses governors
  • imperial: all military forces; princeps chooses governors
  • Egypt: personal property of princeps
25
Q

Grants for military service

A
  • citizens: 20 years, land grant
  • non-citizens: 25 years, citizenship
26
Q

Titles of the emperor

A
  • Augustus: “revered one” (27 BC)
  • Princeps: influence, unofficial authority
  • Tribunician power: right to veto any legislation
  • Pontifex Maximus: chief priest, piety and traditional priest
  • Imperium (Imperator): military command, only the emperor or his delegates
27
Q

Goals when Augustus took power

A
  • beautification of Rome
  • masking the otherwise blatant monarchy
  • demonstrate piety
  • connect to democratic Athens
28
Q

Column type that Romans adopt from Greece

A

Corinthian

29
Q

Augustus’ interaction with Near East

A

Bloodlessly negotiating the return of standards that Crassus lost

30
Q

Augustus’ changes to the Forum

A

New entrance: triple arch, right next to Temple of Julius Caesar

31
Q

The Forum of Augustus

A
  • meant to highlight ancestry of princeps (descendant of divinity)
  • connects to Caesar’s Forum
  • 4 hemicycles filled w/ statues of great Romans
  • Temple of Mars Ultor
32
Q

Ara Pacis

A
  • reminiscent of Parthenon
  • offering of thanks from Senate
  • decorated with relief sculptures
  • made with Italian marble
33
Q

What the Princeps can be

A
  • a general
  • a statesman
  • a priest
  • a conqueror
  • a god
34
Q

Early imperial sculptures

A
  • not veristic
  • eternally youthful
35
Q

Augustus’ patron god

A

Apollo

36
Q

Symbolism of the Mausoleum

A

Balancing between imperial reality and tradition

37
Q
A

Rome Study Guide (3 decks)

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