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Diverse Species > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

What do most reptile diseases in the UK result from?

A

Poor/incorrect nutrition

poor husbandry

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2
Q

What does environmental stress do?

A

Reduces immune system function and predisposes to infection

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3
Q

Orders

A

Crocodilia
Rhyncocephalia
Squamata
Chelonia/Testudinia

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4
Q

Crocodilia

A

Crocodiles, alligators, caiman, gharial, false gharial

Need a wild/dangerous animals licence tokeep as pet

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5
Q

Rhyncocephalia

A

Only one living genus Tuatara endemic to New Zealand
2 species (Sphenodon punctatus, Sphenodon guntheri)
Photoreceptive but not visual- thought to be involved in circadian and seasonal cycles

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6
Q

Squamata (largest order) suborders (3)

A

Suaria/lacertilia- lizards (~19 families)
Serpentes- snakes (~11 families)
Amphisbaena- worm lizards (1 family)

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7
Q

What species does the Chelonia/Testudina order contain?

A

Tortoises (land dwelling)
Terrapins(land/water)
Turtles (mainly water)

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8
Q

How many species of snake are there?

A

~3000

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9
Q

The four families of snakes

A

Colubridae
Boidae
Viperidae
Elapidae

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10
Q

Boidae

A

Boa constrictor, royal python, anaconda
Commonly kept
Powerful constrictors

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11
Q

Colubridae

A

Corn snake, rat snake, king snake, garter snake

Commonly kept

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12
Q

Elapidae

A

Mamba, cobra, taipan, sea snake
One lung and corotid, small heads, front fangs
Mainly oviparous

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13
Q

Viperidae

A

Rattlesnake, pit viper, puff adder
Most advanced, one carotid, one lung, hinged maxilla for jaw movement
Oviparous or viviparous

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14
Q

Corn snakes (Elphae guttata)

A

10-20 years

up to 150cm (females often bigger than males)

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15
Q

King snakes (Lampropeltis spp.)

A

15-25 years

up to 180cm

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16
Q

Types of pythons (3)

A

Ball python (1-1.5m)
Burmese
Reticulated (>6m)

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17
Q

Types of boas (2)

A

Constrictor (~2m)

Rosy (~0.9m)

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18
Q

Commonly kept lizards (6)

A 
Geckos
Bearded dragons
Iguana
Chameleons
Skinks
Chinese water dragon
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19
Q

Commonly kept tortoises (4)

A

Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise
Horsefields tortoise
Hermanns
Marginated

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20
Q

Environment (general)

A

Requirements vary with species
Hide area important
Avoid things that can be ingested (gravel, stones)
Newspaper- cheap, digestible, disposable
Astroturf/washable carpet squares possible alternative

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21
Q

Aquatic and semi-aquatic species require a body of water to…

A

Feed in (needs to have adequate heating and filtration)

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22
Q

Reptiles are ectothermic/endothermic

A

Ectothermic

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23
Q

What do sick/stressed reptiles often exhibit?

A

Behavioural fever (seek out higher than normal temperatures)

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24
Q

Provide different heat sources to achieve…..

A

POTZ

25
Q

Primary heat source

A

Low end of POTZ
provides background/ambient heat
Should not be a light source- need to consider correct period of daylight/darkness

26
Q

Options for primary heat source

A

Heat mats
Heat tape
Incandescent bulbs
Ceramic lamps

27
Q

Secondary heat source

A

Gives higher temperature heat source in specific area
Should not exceed high end of POTZ
Generally 50-75W bulb
Never allow direct contact with this source- burns

28
Q

Ambient temperature should not exceed……

Heat source should not exceed……

A

PBT

POTZ

29
Q

……. and ……. thermometers essential

A

Min and max

30
Q

Humidity:
Desert species…
Most species tolerate….
Rainforest species…..

A

Lower 20-30%
50-70%
Higher 70-80%

31
Q

What meter monitors humidity?

A

Hygrometer *

32
Q

Always provide higher/lower humidity area for ecdysis (shedding)

A

Higher

33
Q

…….. essential for lighting

A

Timers

34
Q

Most species tolerate ……. hours of light a day

A

12-14

35
Q

Tropical species lighting

A

Summer 13 hours light/ 11 hours dark

Winter: 11 hours light/13 hours dark

36
Q

Temperate species lighting

A

Summer: 15 hours light/ 9 hours dark
Winter: 9 hours light/ 15 hours dark

37
Q

UVA

A

320-400nm

Stimulates reproductive behaviour in lizards

38
Q

UVB

A

290-320nm
Required for conversion of Vit D3 in skin
Important for calcium metabolism
6-12 inches from animal
Replace regularly (efficacy declines over time)

39
Q

What’s important in the diet?

Problems with this? *

A

Calcium: Phosphorus ratio
Crickets/mealworms inverse Ca:P ratio
Pinkie mice lower than adult mice (0.79:1 cf 1.4:1)

40
Q

Frequency of feeding depends on?

A

Weight gain/condition

41
Q 
Frequency of feeding:
Small snakes/lizards
Young large boas/pythons
Iguanas/chelonians
Large snakes
A

1-2 times/week
3 times a week
Daily
Once every 2-4 weeks

42
Q

Diet of tortoises/spiny tailed lizards/green iguana *

A

Herbivores
Green veg, flowers, succulents, calcium supplement
UVB essential

43
Q

Diet of terrapins/turtles

A

Omnivores
Feed in water
Separate tank may be useful
Earthworms, pinkies, fish, green veg, commercial food

44
Q

Diet of snakes

A

Carnivores
Often prefer to feed in small dark space
May require teasing with food (pythons)
Rodents, rabbits

45
Q

Diet of monitor lizards

A

Rodents, fish, eggs

46
Q

Diet of bearded dragons, water dragons, geckos, chameleons

A

Insectivores
Mealworms, wax worms, crickets, locusts
Can gut load insects with fruit and calcium supplement before feeding
(Green iguans 100% veg)

47
Q

Why should you avoid overhandling after feeding?

A

As may regurgitate (especially young reptiles)

48
Q

Some …….. and ……. will happily live with others of the same species when set up is right

A

Lizards and Chelonians

49
Q

What can over handling lead to?

A

Food refusal

50
Q

Holding chelonians *

A

Hold shell just in front of hindlimbs or around back of shell between hind limbs (useful in aggressive species)
Some can scratch and bite

51
Q

Handling lizards

A

Hold around neck and upper body with one hand
Other hand supports pelvis and hindlimbs (may need to keep hindlimbs extended slightly and parallel with body - reduces risk of scratches)
Never hold by tail (some species shed tail)

52
Q

Handling snakes

A

Can be aggressive
Careful handling- can be easily bruised/rib fractures
Thumb and second finger behind head, forefinger on top of head

53
Q

If bitten by snake

A

Resist pulling back as teeth point backwards
Push hand deeper into mouth and immerse snake’s head in water to encourage it to release bite
Can use isopropyl alcohol if that doesn’t work

54
Q

What species hibernate

A

Temperate species
Californian box turtle
Mediterranean tortoise

55
Q

Pros of hibernation

A

Stimulates normal thyroid function and reproductive behaviour

56
Q

Cons of hibernation

A

Harmful in young, ill or underweight animals

57
Q

What to do for hibernation

A

Withold food for 2 weeks, place in box with bedding, reduce temperature to below 10*C, monitor state

58
Q

Time for hibernation

A

Nov/Dec- March

59
Q

Waking up from hibernation

A

Warm water bath, encourages drinking and expulsion of faeces

Diverse Species (4 decks)

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