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Avian And Herptile Care > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

What makers up a reptile?

A

Ectotherm
Scales
Internal fertilization
Amniotic egg
Egg laying
Ex: lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, crocs/gators, tuatara

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2
Q

What makes up a tuatara?

A

Not really a lizard
The only species in its order
Live 60-100 yrs
Lives in New Zealand
Nocturnal
Likes colder temp

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3
Q

What are the downsides of being an ectotherm?

A

More susceptible to stress
Suppressed immune system
Increased disease susceptibility
Relies on environment to maintain body temp
Larger the reptile=harder to heat up=loose heat faster

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4
Q

What makes up reptile’s skin?

A

Air tight=water retention
Scales made of keratin/all connected

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5
Q

What are osteoderms?

A

Bone inside scales/ some species
Ex: turtles/tortes

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6
Q

What is Ecdysis?

A

Shed
New layer of epidermis skin
Lymph fluids diffuse between both layers
Enzymes create cleavage, splitting old skin
Soaking helps during shed to increase fluid for lymph production
Water can be absorbed from the cloaca
Snakes can shed in one peace

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7
Q

What is dysecdysis?

A

Abnormal shed
Reptiles depend on heat and humidity
Captivity issue not wild
Ex: Leila’s toes

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8
Q

Amniotic eggs?

A

Has membrane
Filled with fluid
Enclosed embryo, protects animal
Allows space for growth

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9
Q

What is the number one cause of death and disease in reptiles?

A

Disease

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10
Q

What are the top 4 requirements for reptiles?

A

Temp
Light
Humidity
Ventilation

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11
Q

Respiratory system?

A

Very efficient
More so than mammals
True lungs
Driven by low O2 not high CO2

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12
Q

Respiration efficiency

A

Low respiration rate=less energy used
Requires less O2
No diaphragm (excepts crocs)
Glottis near front
Glottis closed at rest

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13
Q

Lungs?

A

Different per herp
Snakes have right lung only
Chelonians fused ribs to shell
Lizards have multi-chambered
Crocs have a modified septum

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14
Q

Kidneys?

A

Excrete protein/waste from food
Regulates body fluid
Produce RBC’s and hormones
Produce Uris acid: helps with water conservation

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15
Q

Renal system?

A

Bladders: lizards/chelonians
NO: bladder: snakes/crocs
Have a cloaca

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16
Q

Heart?

A

Three chambers
Two atria
Shunt blood
Less O2 needed=less efficient heart

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17
Q

Heart sounds?

A

Cannot use stethoscope
Amplitude
Doppler

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18
Q

Teeth?

A

All so different
Replaced throughout life: crocs
Some replaced/some not: most snakes and lizards
No teeth: torts/turts

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19
Q

Snake bites?

A

Hand injury: do not pull, push snake head forward, this will open snakes mouth and unlock teeth

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20
Q

Newts vs salamanders?

A

All newts are salamanders but not all salamanders are newts

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21
Q

Facts about amphibians?

A

Transitioned from aquatic fish to terrestrial animals
Completely separate from reptiles
Cold blooded
Ectotherms, hibernate, camo, everywhere but Antarctica
Must be near water, not salt
Too much sun and heat is lethal (desiccation)

22
Q

Metamorphosis?

A

All have this
Controlled by environment, DNA, hormones
Starts as aquatic eggs, dont have shells
Larvae have gills
Adults develope lungs
Some may never leave the larval stage

23
Q

Water (amphibians) ?

A

Adults breathe primarily through skin not lungs
Skin must stay moist
Use gloves, DI water, toxins

24
Q

Breathing (amphibians)?

A

Lungs poorly developed
No diaphragm or ribs, use mouth and throat to trap air
Nostrils used to remove CO2
Skin surface transmits O2 and CO2
AKA cutaneous respiration

25
Eating (Amphibians)?
No teeth Sticky tongue Swallow prey whole Some larvae are carnivorous Most adults are carnivorous Often need supplements Over supplementation can be lethal
26
Husbandry (amphibians)?
Mostly active during day, seasonal changes Food size Diff genders Habitat style Origin- captive/wild caught Light Humidity Temp Ventilation Water quality Proper cleaning
27
Husbandry security (amphibians)?
Stress management Visual, noise barriers Escape prevention
28
Temperate vs tropical vs desert
68-77 77-90 70-104
29
Why do reptiles need POTZ?
Maintains metabolic activity, digestion, UVB utilization, reproduction
30
Radiation?
Emission of energy in wave form (sunlight) (heat bulbs, SOME UVB bulbs)
31
Conduction?
Heat directly transmitted (warm rocks) (heat pads, heat rocks)
32
Convection?
Heat transferred through air or water (humidity) (environmental air)
33
Thermogradient?
A range of temperatures or other factors an animals can choose within a cage, enclosure, or environment.
34
What are the 3 types of light?
Heat Visible light UV UVA UVB UVC
35
UVA?
Visible to reptiles Food Behavioral choices Stimulates endorphins/immune system
36
UVB?
Synthesis of vitamin D3 Not visible Cannot penetrate barriers Oral over supplementations can be lethal Can cause vitamin D toxicity from over oral supplementation Calcifies organs Fat soluble=harder to metabolize MBD Not enough
37
When Calcium is involved….
So is phosphorus Dietary Ca:P= 2:1 Proper feeding crucial Gut load d=feeder animals
38
UVC?
Not required and can be harmful Used for sanitation purposes Earths ozone layer filters this Causes cancer and cataracts
39
Snake handling?
Wash hand before Don’t smell like food Support entire body A towel can be used for aggressive snakes Never carry a constrictor around neck Utilize one handler per 3-4 foot of snake Use caution with giant constrictor Venomous
40
Tools for handling?
Snake hooks/tongs Tubes Snake bags Buckets Training classes Shift cages for venomous snakes
41
Handling lizards?
Wash hands before hand Support all of body Careful of tails Use towel for aggressive Never carry their mouth near your face Crate train large lizards
42
Tail autonomy?
Self amputation of tail Iguanas, some geckos, some small skinks, tegus Allow to escape Disadvantage loss of energy reserves, huge demand to regrow Regrowth is cartilage, new tail is NOT the same
43
Handling crocs?
Few muscles to OPEN mouth Secure head and jaws Tail is powerful Crate training is best
44
Hearing?
Middle and inner ear only Decent hearing Tympanum=ear drum= lizards, frogs/toads, not snakes or salamanders Crocs have external ear flaps
45
Vision?
Snakes and SOME lizards have no eyelid Have third eye= some lizards and amphibians Poor eye muscles
46
Taste?
Few taste buds Some have no taste buds Swallow prey whole
47
Smell?
Excellent Jacobsons organ Chemoreceptor= senses heavier molecules like pheromones used for catching prey or mating Very well developed in snakes
48
Touch?
Crocs have ISO= integumentary sensory organ Mechano receptors Thermo receptors Chemical receptors
49
Sixth sense?
Electro-magnetic navigation Sea turtles
50
Enclosures need?
Proper UVB, heat, humidity, substrate, space

Avian And Herptile Care (5 decks)

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