Avian Respiration And Restraint

Question 1

Why do birds have a high metabolic rate? (2)

Answer 1

1. Birds are able to fly for days without stopping.
2. To supply energy for feather growth.

Question 2

How do birds have a reduced weight? (5)

Answer 2

1. Feathers are light
2. No teeth
3. Hollow bones
4. Oviparous- egg laying, don’t have to waste energy flying with eggs
5. No ear flaps

Question 3

How are birds efficient with flying? (3)

Answer 3

1. Arms=Wings
2. Fused bones=Stabalizes flight
3. Respiratory system

Question 4

Respiratory Anatomy? (3)

Answer 4

1. Nares- nostrils
2. Operculum- mesh, open/close on the nose
3. Cere- above the beak, fleshy part

Question 5

Avian Trachea? (4)

Answer 5

1. Complete, closed trachea rings- not flexible
2. Mammals have open rings- flexible
3. Allows for better air flow when flying
4. Allows for sturdier restraint

Question 6

Coelomic cavity? (4) -chest

Answer 6

1. No diaphragm
2. 9 air sacs
3. Must expand keel and ribs to breathe
4. Can not restrain a birds chest

Question 7

Air sacs? (4)

Answer 7

1. Usually have 9- can’t fly without them
2. No gas exchange- only in lungs, are connected to the lungs
3. Maintains buoyancy
4. Thermoregulation

Question 8

How do birds breath? (5)

Answer 8

1. Takes two cycles of inspiration and expiration- helps birds be able to fly for day/gives more o2 to muscles.
2. Inspiration goes into air sacs.
3. Expiration is when the air enters the lungs for gas exchange. O2 and CO2 exchange occurs in the lungs.
4. Unilateral flow
5. Very sensitive to toxins in the air (cleaners, Teflon).

Question 9

What are the steps of a bird breathing? (4)

Answer 9

1. Inhalation #1: Trachea>lungs>some of the air sacs
2. Exhalation #1: Out of air sacs>lungs for gas exchange
3. Inhalation #2: Air out of lungs>goes to rest of air sacs
4. Exhalation #2: From other air sacs>trachea>out of nares

Question 10

What not to do during avian restraint? (4)

Answer 10

1. Block nares
2. Block glottis/ trachea
3. Restricting movements of the chest (hand or towel)
4. Overheat bird via chase or towel

Question 11

How to protect yourself from birds? (5)

Answer 11

1. Raptors- feet
2. Psittacines- head
3. Glove and hood training
4. Towel training
5. Gloves, eye protection