Reptiles

Question 1

First vertebrates to make the COMPLETE transition to life on land

Answer 1

310 million years ago

Question 2

Protective egg membrane

Answer 2

Amniote egg

Question 3

Allantois

Answer 3

stores the nitrogenous wastes produced by embryo

Question 4

Chorion

Answer 4

lines outer shell and regulates exchange of oxygen and CO2

Question 5

Reptile hearts:

Answer 5

3 chambered

Question 6

Alligators and Croc hearts:

Answer 6

4 chambers

Question 7

Origin creature

Answer 7

thecodonts

Question 8

age of reptiles

Answer 8

Mesozoic era

Question 9

brumation

Answer 9

reptiles stop eating and their heart and respiratory rates slow significantly, as does their digestion

Question 10

Chelonia

Answer 10

Turtles
(Testudines)

Question 11

Rhynochocephalia

Answer 11

Tuatara
(Sphenodontia)

Question 12

Squamata

Answer 12

Snakes & Lizards

Question 13

Crocodilia

Answer 13

Crocs & Alligators

Question 14

Carapace

Answer 14

Top shell of turtles

Question 15

Plastron

Answer 15

bottom shell of turtles

Question 16

Rhynochocephalia habitat:
-tuatara

Answer 16

ONLY inhibit islands of New Zealand

Question 17

Characteristics of rhynochocephalia

Answer 17

-parietal eye: thermostat
-active at low temps
-insects, worms, small mammals

Question 18

squamata species #

Answer 18

5640

Question 19

venomous lizard species

Answer 19

Gila monster
Beaded lizard

Question 20

Crocodilia descendants

Answer 20

archosaurs

Question 21

Cold temp (turtles)

Answer 21

female

Question 22

warm temp (turtles)

Answer 22

males

Question 23

turtle shell make-up

Answer 23

keratin
vertebrae integrated into shell

Question 24

family Alligatordae

Answer 24

alligators and caimans

Question 25

family crocodylidae

Answer 25

true crocs

Question 26

family gavialidae

Answer 26

gavials or gharials

Question 27

Integumentary organs

Answer 27

(ISO): sense pressure

Question 28

Palatal valve

Answer 28

prevents water from entering esophagus/trachea while underwater

Question 29

two eyes on top of head of crocs/alligates

Answer 29

binocular vision

Question 30

specialized ears

Answer 30

crocs/alligators have the best ears out of all reptiles

Question 31

Bellow

Answer 31

communication
show aggression, talk to young

Question 32

Design of alligator/croc jaws

Answer 32

Conical teeth are designed for grabbing and holding
Constantly replaced teeth

Question 33

Jaw muscles of croc/alligators

Answer 33

close=strong
open=weak

Question 34

Osteoderms

Answer 34

scaled creatures (alligators/crocs)

Question 35

Squamata shedding

Answer 35

Snake: whole
Lizard: patches

Question 36

Chelonians shedding

Answer 36

don’t shed, add new layers underneath

Question 37

viparity

Answer 37

refers to type of egg laying

Question 38

Oviparity

Answer 38

egg laying

Question 39

viviparity

Answer 39

giving birth to live young

Question 40

ovoviviparity

Answer 40

eggs hatch within the body of the female –> live birth

Question 41

Hemipenis

Answer 41

forked structure
Only one is inserted during sex
only same species can “match” cloaca and penis

Question 42

Jacobson’s organ

Answer 42

Olfactory organ: tongue flicks and moves air chemicals to the organ

Question 43

venomous species of snake in NY

Answer 43

copperhead
timber rattlesnake
massasauga

Question 44

Snake ears

Answer 44

lack openings

Question 45

Crypsis

Answer 45

staying camouflaged
When detected: flee, musk, gape, rattle