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Anatomy 3rd Year > Reprodutive System > Flashcards

Reprodutive System Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the linea terminalis make up the border of the superior pelvic aperture?

A 
Superior margin of the pubic symphysis anteriorly
Posterior border of the pubic crest
Pecten Pubis
Arcuate Line of the Ilium
Ala of the sacrum
Sacral promontory
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2
Q

What parts form the border of the inferior pelvic aperture?

A

Inferior margin of the pubic symphysis anteriorly
Ischial rami and tuberosities anterolaterally
Sacrotuberous ligaments posterolaterally
Tip of the coccyx posteriorly

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3
Q

What parts of the pelvis are the true and false pelvis?

A

True-lesser pelvis

False-greater pelvis

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4
Q

What are the main differences between the male and female pelvis?

A 
Male- Deep greater and lesser pelvis
Heart shaped pelvic inlet
Small pelvic outlet
Acute subpubic angle
Round obturator foramen
Female- Shallow greater and lesser pelvis
Round shaped pelvic inlet
Obtuse subpubic angle
Oval obturater foramen
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5
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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6
Q

What muscles make up the pelvis?

A

Obturator internus covers the lateral pelvic walls
Piriformis makes up the posterior wall
Levator Ani and coccygeus make up the pelvic floor

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7
Q

What are the three parts of the levator ani?

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

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8
Q

What is the innervation and action of levator ani?

A

Nerve to levator ani

Helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra abdominal pressure

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9
Q

What is the innervation and actions of coccygeus?

A

Branches of S4 and S5

Supports pelvic viscera and flexes coccyx

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10
Q

What is the innervation and actions of obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Laterally rotates hip joint and and holds femur head in position

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11
Q

What is the innervation and actions of piriformis?

A

Anterior rami of S1 and S2

Laterally rotates and abducts hip joint and holds femur head in place

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12
Q

What artery is the main supplier of the pelvic viscera, gluteal region and perineum?

A

Internal iliac

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13
Q

What does the obturator artery supply and what is its origin?

A

Pelvic muscles and femur head

Anterior division of internal iliac

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14
Q

Where does the artery to ductus deferens originate from?

A

Superior vesical artery

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15
Q

What artery supplies the seminal gland and prostate?

A

Middle rectal

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16
Q

What artery is the main supplier of the perineum?

A

Internal Pudendal

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17
Q

What does the uterine artery supply?

A

Pelvic ureter, uterus, uterine tube, ligament of uterus and part of vagina

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18
Q

What arteries supply the gonads?

A

Gonadal arteries (testicular and ovarian)

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19
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the venous portal system and which into the systemic?

A

Portal-superior rectal veins

Systemic-middle and inferior rectal veins

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20
Q

What venous plexus communicates with the prostatic venous plexus?

A

Vertebral venous plexus

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21
Q

What is the root of the ilioinguinal nerve and what does it supply?

A

L1

Supply skin at the root of the penis in the male and the labia in the female

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22
Q

What is the root of the genitofemoral nerve and what does it supply?

A

L1-2
Anterior scrotum and spermatic cord in males
Mons pubis, round ligament of uterus and labia majora in females

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23
Q

What is the root of the pudendal nerve and what does it supply?

A

S2-4

Sensory to genitalia, perineal muscles, sphincter urethrae and external anal sphincter

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis?

A

Sympathetic fibres via the hypogastric plexus from L1 and L2

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25
What sympathetic nerve supplies the female genital tract?
Nerve fibres from the pelvic and ovarian plexuses and pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
26
What parasympathetic nerve innervates the erectile tissues?
Fibres from S2-4 via the hypogastric plexus
27
What are the four main pelvic groups of lymph nodes and what areas do they drain?
External iliac-superior pelvic viscera Internal Iliac- gluteal region, deep perineum and inferior pelvic viscera Sacral-Postero-inferior pelvic viscera Common iliac- drains the other three groups
28
What are the main contents of the spermatic cord?
Ductus deferens Arteries Pampiniform venous plexus
29
What is the function of the vas deferens?
Conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
30
What are the two layers that cover the testes?
Tunica vaginalis- peritoneal sac that has a visceral and parietal aspect Tunica albuginea- tough outer fibrous layer
31
What is present between the two layers of tunica vaginalis?
Serous fluid
32
At what vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta and what structures do they cross?
L2 from the abdominal aorta | Ureters and inferior external iliac arteries
33
Into which veins do the right and left testicular veins drain?
Left-left renal vein | Right-IVC
34
What secretions are produced by the seminal vesicles?
Thick alkaline fluid
35
What part of the urethra do the bulbourethral glands empty into?
Penile/spongy urethra
36
What three structures constitute the birth canal?
Vagina Cervix Vulva
37
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium
38
What area of the uterine body does the lower segment of the uterus develop from?
Isthmus/area between cervix and uterus
39
What are the ligaments related to the uterus?
``` Broad ligament (sheet covering uterus) Round ligament of uterus (found within the broad ligament) Ovarian ligament (goes from ovary to uterus) Suspensory ligament of ovary (goes from ovary to pelvic wall) ```
40
What is another name for the rectouterine pouch?
Pouch of Douglas
41
What are the definitions of anteverted and anteflexed?
Anteverted- tipped anterosuperiorly relative to the axis of the vagina Anteflexed-uterine body is flexed/bent anteriorly relative to the cervix
42
Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch?
Posterior vaginal fornix
43
Through which ligament do the ovarian artery and vein go?
Suspensory ligament of ovary
44
Which ligament is known as the cardinal ligament of uterus?
Transverse cervical
45
Name the four parts of the fallopian tubes
Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus Intramural/uterine
46
What group of lymph nodes drains the labia and distal part of the vagina?
Superficial inguinal
47
Which group of lymph nodes drain the ovaries?
Aortic
48
What group of lymph nodes drain the fundus and upper uterine body?
Pre-aortic
49
What group of lymph nodes drain most of the uterine body (inc lower)?
External iliac
50
What group of lymph nodes drain the cervix and upper vagina?
Internal iliac and sacral
51
What group of lymph nodes drain the lower vagina?
Sacral and common iliac
52
What structure separates the fat lobules in breasts?
Suspensory ligaments
53
What are the borders of the breast?
Breasts extend from the 2nd to the 6th rib | Lateral border of sternum to anterior axillary line
54
What muscles are the breasts related to?
Pectoralis major and minor | Serratus anterior
55
What are the groups of lymph nodes that drain the breast and what areas do they drain?
``` Pectoral-anterior Parasternal-medial Supraclavicular-superior Abdominal-inferior Axillary-lateral ```
56
How can the two sides of the placenta be distinguished?
Maternal-rough and spongy surface | Foetal-smooth, vascular and has umbilical cord
57
What are the four functions of the placenta?
Gaseous exchange Attaches foetus to uterine wall Provides nutrients Produces hormones
58
What makes up the umbilical cord?
Wharton's jelly Two arteries One vein
59
What parts make up the perineum?
External Genitalia Perineal Muscles Anal Canal
60
What are the two triangles of the perineum and and what line transects them?
Urogenital triangle Anal triangle A transverse line connecting the two ischial tuberosities
61
What separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity?
Pelvic diaphragm
62
What is the perineal body?
It is an irregular fibromuscular mass located in the median plane between the anal canal and the perineal membrane. It lies deep to the skin and is the site of convergence of bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse muscles
63
What is the innervation and actions of the external anal sphincter?
Inferior anal nerve (branch of pudendal, S2-4) | Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resists defecation, supports and fixes pelvic floor
64
What is the innervation and actions of bulbospongiosus?
Muscular branch of perineal nerve (branch of pudendal) Supports and fixes pelvic floor, in males it compresses the bulb of the penis to expel last drops of urine or semen and assists erection by controlling blood flow, in females it assists in erection of the clitoris and compresses the greater vestibular gland
65
What is the innervation and actions of ischiocavernosus?
Muscular branch of perineal nerve (branch of pudendal) | Maintains erection of the ponis or clitoris by pushing blood into the body
66
What is the innervation and actions of the deep and superficial transverse perineal muscles?
Muscular branch of perineal nerve (branch of pudendal) | Support and fix perineal body to support pelvic viscera and resist raised intra abdominal pressure
67
What is the innervation and actions of the external urethral sphincter?
Muscular branch of perineal nerve (branch of pudendal) | Compresses urethra to maintain urinary continence and in females also compresses the vagina
68
What structures do the superficial and deep perineal pouches contain?
Superficial-perineal muscles, greater vestibular gland and bulbs of the vestibule (in females), spongy part of urethra (in males) and pudendal vessels and nerves Deep-fat filled ischioanal fossa, urethra, external urethral sphincter, deep transverse muscles and bulbourethral glands (in males)
69
What are the vestibular bulbs in females?
The vestibular bulbs are two elongated masses of erectile tissue typically described as being situated on either side of the vaginal opening.
70
What is the function of the greater vestibular glands?
They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males
71
Where is the bulbourethral gland located in males and what is its function?
It is located beneath the prostate gland at the beginning of the internal portion of the penis within the deep transverse perineal muscle They add fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation
72
What are the widest and narrowest parts of the male urethra?
Widest-prostatic | Narrow-membranous
73
What are the longest and shortest parts of the male urethra?
Long-penile | Short-membranous
74
What neurovascular bundle enters the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Pudendal nerve/artery/vein | Obturator internus nerve

Anatomy 3rd Year (3 decks)

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