Reproductive tracts Flashcards
Function of reproductive system
Both sexes:
- Production, storage and storage of germ cells
Female
- Sustain and support developing fetus/ embryo
Ovaries
- Location
- Appearance
- Function
Location
- Lateral wall of pelvis
- Below pelvic inlet
Appearance
- Greek olive [atrophies after menopause, size of almond]
Function
- Produce egg
- Hormone secretion [oestrogen, progrosterone
Ovaries
- Blood supply
- Innervation
Arteries and veins
- Gonadal arteries [abdominal aorta, L1/2] and veins
Nerves
- Ovarian plexus [from abdomen]—> autonomic
Ovaries structure/ content
Cortex
- Follicles–> germ cells
- Smooth muscle cells
- Corpus luteum: progesterone production
- Theca–> androgens
- Granulosa—> converts androgens into oestrogen
Medulla
- Contains blood vessels
- Lymph vessels
- Nerves
Pathway of internal duct system [F}
Ovaries—> fallopain tubes—> uterus—-> Cervix—> vagina
Fallopian tube
Passageway from the ovaries to the uterus
Structure
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
Function
- Captures released eggs and direct to the uterus using fimbriae to propel
- Site of fertilisation
Fallopian tube
- VAN
Arteries and veins
- Uterine and ovarian from internal iliac
Nerves
- Ovarian plexus [sympathetic]
- Pelvic splanchnic [PARA]
Uterus
- Location
- Structure
Location
- Over the bladder
- Anteverted and anteflexed
Structure - Body--> 2/3 - Cervix [the neck] ---> 1/3 The muscular wall - Perimetrium - Myometrium - Endometrium
Perimetrium
Outer muscular region of the uterus
- Serous layer
Myometrium
Thick muscular layer of the uterus
- Responsible from the parturitum [childbirth]
Endometrium
Inner lining of the uterus
- Mucous layer
- Changes thickness during menstrual cycle
- Site of implantation for fertilised egg
Internal duct
- Blood vessels
Internal iliac
- Ovarian
- Uterine
- Vaginal
- Pudendal
Liagments
Ovarian and suspensory ligament
- Supports the ovaries
Broad ligament
- Suspends fallopian tube and uterus.
Nervous supply to female internal duct system
Sympathetic
- Hypogastric plexus
PARASYM
- Pelvic splanchnic
Pain and touch
- S2-S4
Cervix
Neck of the uterus
- Very thick muscular layer
- Supports the uterus
Os- constricted openings
- Internal- to uterus
- External- to vagina
Round
- Not given birth
Slit like
- Has given birth, cannot return to round shape
Vagina
- Structure
- Function
Musculomembranous tube
- 7-9cm
Function
- Links cervix to vulva/ vestibule
- Menstruation canal
- Copulation
- Birth canal
Labia minora
External genitalia- Fold of skin that encloses the vestuble vulva
- Protects from external environment
Copulatory organ [w/ majora]
- Arousal
Clitoris
Erectile tissue
- Assits copulation
Bartholin
External genitalia of the female
- Vestibular glands
- Lubrication for copulation
Blood supply of external genitalia
Pudendal artery and veins
Innervation of the external genitalia
Branches of
- Genitofemoral
- Pudendal
Testis
- Location
- Appearance
- Function
Location
- Inside the scrotum
Appearance
- Small egg shape
Function
- Sperm production
- Hormone secretion: testosterone
Testis
- Blood supply
- Nervous supply
Blood
- Gonadal arteries and veins [abdominal aorta]
Nervous
- Spermatic plexus
Testis contents
Lobules
- 250-300
- 4 seminiferous tubules
- Mature medially, to the centre
Spermatogenic tubules
- General sperm cells
Sertoli
- Support germ cell production
Leidig
- Produces testosterone
Sperm travel- testis ducts
Sperm produced at
- Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
- Straight tubules into efferent ductules
Efferent ductules
Epididymus
Vas deferens
- Part of spermatic cord, enters inguinal canal
- Projects towards the back of the bladder, from over the external iliac artery
Internal ducts, blood supply [M]
Arteries + veins
- Middle rectal [rectum]
- Inferior vesicle
Nervous supply of internal duct [M]
Sympathetic
- Splanchnic and hypogastric plexus
PARASYM
- Pelvic splanchnic
Prostate
Produces prostatic fluid
Two way valve
- Prevents backflow of urine and semen
Seminal vesicles
Accessory gland
- Inferior to rectovesical pouch
Secretes
- Alkaline fluid
- Fructose
- Coagulate
Bulbourethral glands
Accessory glands
- Allows lubrication
Male urethra
3 divisions
- Prostatic urethra
- Membraneous
- Penile
Penis blood circulation
Deep artery
Dorsal artery
Dorsal vein
Penis nervous supply
Dorsal nerve
- Branch from the pudendal
Scrotum
- Function
- Vessels
- Nerve
Function
- Houses testis in cooler temperature
- Dartos and cremaster helps to regulate temperature
Vessels
- Scrotal vessels [from pudendal]
- Genitofemoral nerve [travels down inguinal canal]
Corpus spongiosum
Spongy tissue around the male urethra
- Prevents the urethra from being pinched during erection/ urination
