Reproductive tracts

Question 1

Function of reproductive system

Answer 1

Both sexes:
- Production, storage and storage of germ cells

Female
- Sustain and support developing fetus/ embryo

Question 2

Ovaries

• Location
• Appearance
• Function

Answer 2

Location

• Lateral wall of pelvis
• Below pelvic inlet

Appearance
- Greek olive [atrophies after menopause, size of almond]

Function

• Produce egg
• Hormone secretion [oestrogen, progrosterone

Question 3

Ovaries

• Blood supply
• Innervation

Answer 3

Arteries and veins
- Gonadal arteries [abdominal aorta, L1/2] and veins

Nerves
- Ovarian plexus [from abdomen]—> autonomic

Question 4

Ovaries structure/ content

Answer 4

Cortex

• Follicles–> germ cells
• Smooth muscle cells
• Corpus luteum: progesterone production
• Theca–> androgens
• Granulosa—> converts androgens into oestrogen

Medulla

• Contains blood vessels
• Lymph vessels
• Nerves

Question 5

Pathway of internal duct system [F}

Answer 5

Ovaries—> fallopain tubes—> uterus—-> Cervix—> vagina

Question 6

Fallopian tube

Answer 6

Passageway from the ovaries to the uterus

Structure

• Infundibulum
• Ampulla
• Isthmus

Function

• Captures released eggs and direct to the uterus using fimbriae to propel
• Site of fertilisation

Question 7

Fallopian tube

- VAN

Answer 7

Arteries and veins
- Uterine and ovarian from internal iliac

Nerves

• Ovarian plexus [sympathetic]
• Pelvic splanchnic [PARA]

Question 8

Uterus

• Location
• Structure

Answer 8

Location

• Over the bladder
• Anteverted and anteflexed

Structure
- Body--> 2/3
- Cervix [the neck] ---> 1/3
The muscular wall
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrium

Question 9

Perimetrium

Answer 9

Outer muscular region of the uterus

- Serous layer

Question 10

Myometrium

Answer 10

Thick muscular layer of the uterus

- Responsible from the parturitum [childbirth]

Question 11

Endometrium

Answer 11

Inner lining of the uterus

• Mucous layer
• Changes thickness during menstrual cycle
• Site of implantation for fertilised egg

Question 12

Internal duct

- Blood vessels

Answer 12

Internal iliac

• Ovarian
• Uterine
• Vaginal
• Pudendal

Question 13

Liagments

Answer 13

Ovarian and suspensory ligament
- Supports the ovaries

Broad ligament
- Suspends fallopian tube and uterus.

Question 14

Nervous supply to female internal duct system

Answer 14

Sympathetic
- Hypogastric plexus

PARASYM
- Pelvic splanchnic

Pain and touch
- S2-S4

Question 15

Cervix

Answer 15

Neck of the uterus

• Very thick muscular layer
• Supports the uterus

Os- constricted openings

• Internal- to uterus
• External- to vagina

Round
- Not given birth

Slit like
- Has given birth, cannot return to round shape

Question 16

Vagina

• Structure
• Function

Answer 16

Musculomembranous tube
- 7-9cm

Function

• Links cervix to vulva/ vestibule
• Menstruation canal
• Copulation
• Birth canal

Question 17

Labia minora

Answer 17

External genitalia- Fold of skin that encloses the vestuble vulva
- Protects from external environment

Copulatory organ [w/ majora]
- Arousal

Question 18

Clitoris

Answer 18

Erectile tissue

- Assits copulation

Question 19

Bartholin

Answer 19

External genitalia of the female

• Vestibular glands
• Lubrication for copulation

Question 20

Blood supply of external genitalia

Answer 20

Pudendal artery and veins

Question 21

Innervation of the external genitalia

Answer 21

Branches of

• Genitofemoral
• Pudendal

Question 22

Testis

• Location
• Appearance
• Function

Answer 22

Location
- Inside the scrotum

Appearance
- Small egg shape

Function

• Sperm production
• Hormone secretion: testosterone

Question 23

Testis

• Blood supply
• Nervous supply

Answer 23

Blood
- Gonadal arteries and veins [abdominal aorta]

Nervous
- Spermatic plexus

Question 24

Testis contents

Answer 24

Lobules

• 250-300
• 4 seminiferous tubules
• Mature medially, to the centre

Spermatogenic tubules
- General sperm cells

Sertoli
- Support germ cell production

Leidig
- Produces testosterone

Question 25

Sperm travel- testis ducts

Answer 25

Sperm produced at
- Seminiferous tubules

Rete testis
- Straight tubules into efferent ductules

Efferent ductules

Epididymus

Vas deferens

• Part of spermatic cord, enters inguinal canal
• Projects towards the back of the bladder, from over the external iliac artery

Question 26

Internal ducts, blood supply [M]

Answer 26

Arteries + veins

• Middle rectal [rectum]
• Inferior vesicle

Question 27

Nervous supply of internal duct [M]

Answer 27

Sympathetic
- Splanchnic and hypogastric plexus

PARASYM
- Pelvic splanchnic

Question 28

Prostate

Answer 28

Produces prostatic fluid

Two way valve
- Prevents backflow of urine and semen

Question 29

Seminal vesicles

Answer 29

Accessory gland
- Inferior to rectovesical pouch

Secretes

• Alkaline fluid
• Fructose
• Coagulate

Question 30

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 30

Accessory glands

- Allows lubrication

Question 31

Male urethra

Answer 31

3 divisions

• Prostatic urethra
• Membraneous
• Penile

Question 32

Penis blood circulation

Answer 32

Deep artery
Dorsal artery

Dorsal vein

Question 33

Penis nervous supply

Answer 33

Dorsal nerve

- Branch from the pudendal

Question 34

Scrotum

• Function
• Vessels
• Nerve

Answer 34

Function

• Houses testis in cooler temperature
• Dartos and cremaster helps to regulate temperature

Vessels

• Scrotal vessels [from pudendal]
• Genitofemoral nerve [travels down inguinal canal]

Question 35

Corpus spongiosum

Answer 35

Spongy tissue around the male urethra

- Prevents the urethra from being pinched during erection/ urination