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science > Reproductive systems > Flashcards

Reproductive systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

testes

A

testes are organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

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2
Q

scrotum

A

scrotum pouch is clump of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

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3
Q

follicles

A

follicles are sacs containing egg cells

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4
Q

fallopian tube

A

fallopian tubes is a tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes.

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5
Q

fertilisation

A

fertilisation is the penetration of the ovum by a sperm

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6
Q

hormones

A

Hormones is a chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

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7
Q

menarche

A

menarche is the first menstrual period

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8
Q

menstrual cycle

A

menstrual cycle is the beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

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9
Q

sexual reproduction

A

sexual reproduction is joining together of male and female reproductive cells

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10
Q

gametes

A

gametes are the reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

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11
Q

sperm

A

sperm is the male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

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12
Q

ova

A

ova is the female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

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13
Q

zygote

A

zygote is a cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

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14
Q

external fertilisation

A

external fertilisation is reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

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15
Q

internal fertilisation

A

internal fertilisation is reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

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16
Q

copulation

A

copulation is the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

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17
Q

sexual intercourse

A

sexual intercourse is the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

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18
Q

meiosis

A

meiosis is cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

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19
Q

epigenetics

A

epigenetics is a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

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20
Q

nuclear DNA

A

nuclear DNA is genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

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21
Q

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

A

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

22
Q

ejaculation

A

ejaculation is the release of sperm

23
Q

semen

A

semen is the combination of fluid and sperm

24
Q

identical twins

A

identical twins are twins developed from the same fertilised egg

25
Q

fraternal twins

A

fraternal twins are twins developed from different fertilised eggs

26
Q

petals

A

petals are the coloured parts of a flower that attract insects

27
Q

flowers

A

flowers are the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels. They are often colourful to attract pollinating insects.

28
Q

nectaries

A

nectaries are parts of a flower, at the base of the petals, that secrete nectar

29
Q

pollen

A

pollen is fine powder containing the pollen grains (the male sex cells of a plant)

30
Q

stigma

A

stigma is the female part of a flower, at the top of the carpel, that catches the pollen during pollination

31
Q

pollination

A

pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower

32
Q

self-pollination

A

self-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma

33
Q

cross-pollination

A

cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

34
Q

insect-pollinated flowers

A

insect-pollinated flowers are flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers

35
Q

wind-pollinated flowers

A

wind-pollinated flowers are flowers that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower

36
Q

anthers

A

anthers are the male part of a flower that makes pollen

37
Q

pollen grains

A

pollen grains are the male gametes of a flower

38
Q

pollen tube

A

pollen tube is a long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule

39
Q

style

A

style is the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma

40
Q

ovules

A

ovules are receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells

41
Q

ovary

A

ovary in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones

42
Q

endosperm

A

endosperm is the food supply for the embryo plant in a seed

43
Q

seed

A

a seed is the product of a fertilised ovule

44
Q

seed coat

A

seed coat is the protective layer around a seed

45
Q

fruit

A

fruit is the ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds

46
Q

disperse

A

disperse is the scatter the seeds from plants

47
Q

plumule

A

plumule is the small bud at the tip of the embryo plant in a seed

48
Q

radicle

A

radicle is the beginnings of a root making up part of a plant embryo inside a seed

49
Q

cotyledons

A

cotyledons is the special leaves of the embryo plant inside a seed that provide food for the developing seedling

50
Q

germination

A

germination is the first sign of growth from the seed of a plant

51
Q

seedling

A

seedling is the young plant produced from the embryo in the seed after germination

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