Digestive system

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

digestion system breakdowns the food into a form that can be used by an animal. It includes both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 2

mechanical digestion

Answer 2

mechanical digestion is digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 3

chemical digestion

Answer 3

chemical digestion is the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 4

alimentary canal

Answer 4

alimentary canal is the passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.

Question 5

enzymes

Answer 5

enzymes are special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 6

saliva

Answer 6

saliva is a watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 7

salivary glands

Answer 7

salivary glands are glands in the mouth that produce saliva

Question 8

bolus

Answer 8

bolus is a round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 9

oesophagus

Answer 9

oesophagus is part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 10

peristalsis

Answer 10

peristalsis is the the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 11

stomach

Answer 11

stomach is a large muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein

Question 12

small intestine

Question 13

absorption

Answer 13

absorption is the taking in of a substance, for example from the intestine to the surrounding capillaries

Question 14

villi

Answer 14

villi is a tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximise the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Singular = villus.

Question 15

nutrient

Answer 15

nutrients is a substances that provide energy and chemicals that living things need to stay alive, grow and reproduce

Question 16

gall bladder

Answer 16

gall bladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

Question 17

bile

Answer 17

bile is a substance produced by the liver that helps digest fats and oils

Question 18

lipids

Answer 18

lipids is a type of nutrients that include fats and oils

Question 19

lipases

Answer 19

lipases are enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

amylases

Answer 20

amylases is an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar

Question 21

proteases

Answer 21

proteases are enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids

Question 22

pancreas

Answer 22

pancreas is a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

Question 23

colon

Answer 23

colon is the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into the body

Question 24

large intestine

Answer 24

large intestine is the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

Question 25

vitamin D

Answer 25

vitamin D is a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone

Question 26

cellulose

Answer 26

cellulose is a natural substance that keeps the cell wall of plants rigid

Question 27

rectum

Answer 27

rectum is the final section of the digestive system, where waste food matter is stored as faeces before being excreted through the anus

Question 28

anus

Answer 28

anus is the final part of the digestive system, through which faeces are passed as waste

Question 29

emulsify

Answer 29

emulsify combines two liquids that do not normally mix easily

Question 30

denatured

Answer 30

denatured describes the condition of proteins after they have been overheated

Question 31

substrate

Answer 31

substrate is substance acted upon by an enzyme

Question 32

product

Answer 32

product is a new chemical substance that results from a chemical reaction

Question 33

burping

Answer 33

burping is the release of swallowed gas through the mouth

Question 34

heartburn

Answer 34

heartburn is a burning sensation caused by stomach acid rising into the oesophagus

Question 35

flatulence

Answer 35

flatulence is the release of gas through the anus. This gas is produced by bacteria in the large intestine.

Question 36

diarrhoea

Answer 36

diarrhoea is excessive discharge of watery faeces

Question 37

vomiting

Answer 37

vomiting is the forceful ejection of matter from the stomach through the mouth