Reproductive Systems Flashcards
ovaries hold the _____ which mature during ovarian cycle
oocytes
what is the process by which oocytes mature called?
oogenesis
primary oocytes are ____, containing _____ chromosomes
diploid, 46
secondary oocytes are ____, containing ______ chromosomes
haploid, 23
what happens to the other chromosomes during oogenesis, that don’t become part of the mature egg?
eliminated as polar bodies
what is a fertilized egg called?
zygote
How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
46
What causes a follicle to mature in the female menstrual cycle?
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Where is FSH secreted?
anterior pituitary gland
What hormones are secreted by the maturing follicle? What do they do?
estrogen, progesterone; they enlarge the endometrium and supply it with blood vessels for implantation of a fertilized oocyte
what are the three layers of the uterus?
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Which layer of the uterus is eliminated during menstruation?
endometrium
what are the projections that connect the fallopian tube to the ovary called?
fimbrae
Where is LH secreted?
(also) the anterior pituitary gland
What does FSH do? What does LH do?
FSH is involved in maturation of sperm and ovum (follicles); LH stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone.
what produces sperm?
seminiferous tubules, which is inside the testes
which parts of the male reproductive system help to produce fluids for the sperm to be nourished and transported?
seminal vesicle, prostate gland (alkaline fluid)
where are the testes located?
inside the scrotum
where are seminiferous tubules located?
inside the testes
where are sperm cells located?
perimeter of the tubules
where are sperm cells stored prior to ejaculation?
epididymis
how does the sperm move to the prostatic duct?
smooth muscle that lines the vas deferens has rhythmic contractions
describe locations of prostate gland and seminal vesicle
prostate gland is located inferior to the bladder and seminal vesicle is located posterior to the prostate gland
what kind of control (parasympathetic/sympathetic) is an erection?
parasympathetic
What is the urethra?
involved in transportation of male gametes
what is the cervix?
narrow entrance to the uterus, which helps with transporting sperm, but NOT involved in transporting female gametes
corpus luteum
temporary endocrine organ that forms after ovulation, secretes progesterone in preparation for possible pregnancy
pituitary gland
secretes FSH and LH
uterus
site of implantation of zygote
what does prolactin do? where is it produced?
anterior pituitary glands, stimulate milk production in mammary glands
where is estrogen secreted?
ovaries
what does vasopressin and oxytocin do?
vasopressin regulates reabsorption of water in renal tubules; oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection
where is vasopressin and oxytocin produced?
hypothalamus
