Reproductive System Flashcards
Days 1-4 Menstruation
-Endometrium sheds
-FSH releases, stimulates egg production and oestrogen release.
Days 5-12 Pre-ovulation
-Endometrium repairs
-Ovarian follicle is developing.
Days 13-16 Ovulation
-LH releases, causes ovulation.
-Ovum is released.
-Start of progesterone production
Days 17-20 Secretion
-Endometrium, cervix, and fallopian tubes secrete watery mucus.
-Corpus luteum development
-Movement and breakdown of unfertilised egg
-Progesterone helps maintain endometrium.
-If ova is not fertilised, progesterone and oestrogen levels drop.
Days 21-28 Premenstruation
-The corpus luteum breaks down.
-Endometrium starts to deteriorate.
Primordial Follicle
-In ovaries, oocytes that are paused at prophase I.
-Single layer of cells that surrounds oocyte.
-Remains dormant until puberty when stimulated by FSH.
-Multiple follicles start maturing
Primary Follicle
-Follicle cells become larger and forms layers
-Oocyte is larger
-Only 1 maturing follicle reaches maturation
Secondary Follicle
-When secretions from the cells create a fluid-filled space
-Space gradually forces ooocyte to edge of follicle
-Oocyte is a secondary oocyte and a polar body
Graafian Follicle
-Follicle gradually move towards ovary surface
-At ovulation, follicle bursts and expels oocyte
Corpus Luteum
-After ovulation, ruptured follicle collapses, blood clot forms.
-Secretes progesterone (thickens and maintains endometrium), prevents release of FSH and LH.
-If ova is fertilised, continues progesterone release until placenta forms.
-If ova is not fertilised, progesterone production stops, and degrades further.
Corpus Albicans
-Broken down by actions of macrophase
-Forms small scar on side of ovary
Luteinising Hormone in Females
-From pituitary gland
-Targets cells of ovaries
-Ovulation, promotes maturation of follicle, formation of corpus luteum, stimulates oestrogen/progesterone secretion
Ova
-Large haploid cell
-Has large amount of cytoplasm for many cell divisions that occur after fertilisation
Oxytocin (CONTRACTION)
From pituitary gland.
When targets uterus: stimulates contraction of smooth muscle.
When targets breast: promotes contraction of muscle cells surrounding breast lobules.
Lactogenic Hormone
From pituitary gland, targets breasts. Production of milk in glands in breasts.
Progesterone
From corpus luteum.
When targets uterus: maintenance of endometrium during pregnancy.
When targets placenta: development and maintenance of placenta during pregnancy.
When targets breasts: development of milk-secreting glands.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
From placenta, targets corpus luteum, and maintains corpus luteum during early stages of pregnancy.
Spermatid to spermatozoa maturation
Most of cytoplasm lost
Tail forms
Acrosome
A fluid-filled vesicle which contains enzymes that break down the layer of cells surrounding the egg.
What is the mitochondria in sperm called?
Mitochondrion
Why does sperm have thin layer of cytoplasm?
They have a short life span and receive most nourishment from semen.
Ovarian Cycle
Growth and maturation of an oocyte in the female ovary in preparation for fertilisation and reproductive.
Menstrual Cycle
Changes in endometrium in preparation for a developing embryo post fertilisation.
