Reproductive System

Question 1

Days 1-4 Menstruation

Answer 1

-Endometrium sheds
-FSH releases, stimulates egg production and oestrogen release.

Question 1

Days 5-12 Pre-ovulation

Answer 1

-Endometrium repairs
-Ovarian follicle is developing.

Question 2

Days 13-16 Ovulation

Answer 2

-LH releases, causes ovulation.
-Ovum is released.
-Start of progesterone production

Question 3

Days 17-20 Secretion

Answer 3

-Endometrium, cervix, and fallopian tubes secrete watery mucus.
-Corpus luteum development
-Movement and breakdown of unfertilised egg
-Progesterone helps maintain endometrium.
-If ova is not fertilised, progesterone and oestrogen levels drop.

Question 4

Days 21-28 Premenstruation

Answer 4

-The corpus luteum breaks down.
-Endometrium starts to deteriorate.

Question 5

Primordial Follicle

Answer 5

-In ovaries, oocytes that are paused at prophase I.
-Single layer of cells that surrounds oocyte.
-Remains dormant until puberty when stimulated by FSH.
-Multiple follicles start maturing

Question 6

Primary Follicle

Answer 6

-Follicle cells become larger and forms layers
-Oocyte is larger
-Only 1 maturing follicle reaches maturation

Question 7

Secondary Follicle

Answer 7

-When secretions from the cells create a fluid-filled space
-Space gradually forces ooocyte to edge of follicle
-Oocyte is a secondary oocyte and a polar body

Question 8

Graafian Follicle

Answer 8

-Follicle gradually move towards ovary surface
-At ovulation, follicle bursts and expels oocyte

Question 9

Corpus Luteum

Answer 9

-After ovulation, ruptured follicle collapses, blood clot forms.
-Secretes progesterone (thickens and maintains endometrium), prevents release of FSH and LH.
-If ova is fertilised, continues progesterone release until placenta forms.
-If ova is not fertilised, progesterone production stops, and degrades further.

Question 10

Corpus Albicans

Answer 10

-Broken down by actions of macrophase
-Forms small scar on side of ovary

Question 11

Luteinising Hormone in Females

Answer 11

-From pituitary gland
-Targets cells of ovaries
-Ovulation, promotes maturation of follicle, formation of corpus luteum, stimulates oestrogen/progesterone secretion

Question 12

Ova

Answer 12

-Large haploid cell
-Has large amount of cytoplasm for many cell divisions that occur after fertilisation

Question 13

Oxytocin (CONTRACTION)

Answer 13

From pituitary gland.
When targets uterus: stimulates contraction of smooth muscle.
When targets breast: promotes contraction of muscle cells surrounding breast lobules.

Question 14

Lactogenic Hormone

Answer 14

From pituitary gland, targets breasts. Production of milk in glands in breasts.

Question 15

Progesterone

Answer 15

From corpus luteum.
When targets uterus: maintenance of endometrium during pregnancy.
When targets placenta: development and maintenance of placenta during pregnancy.
When targets breasts: development of milk-secreting glands.

Question 16

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Answer 16

From placenta, targets corpus luteum, and maintains corpus luteum during early stages of pregnancy.

Question 17

Spermatid to spermatozoa maturation

Answer 17

Most of cytoplasm lost
Tail forms

Question 18

Acrosome

Answer 18

A fluid-filled vesicle which contains enzymes that break down the layer of cells surrounding the egg.

Question 19

What is the mitochondria in sperm called?

Answer 19

Mitochondrion

Question 20

Why does sperm have thin layer of cytoplasm?

Answer 20

They have a short life span and receive most nourishment from semen.

Question 21

Ovarian Cycle

Answer 21

Growth and maturation of an oocyte in the female ovary in preparation for fertilisation and reproductive.

Question 22

Menstrual Cycle

Answer 22

Changes in endometrium in preparation for a developing embryo post fertilisation.