DNA Flashcards
1
Q
Translation
A
- Base sequence signals start (AUG)
- Ribosome moves along mRNA 3 bases (codon) at a time
- tRNA is a small molecule that brings amino acid from cytosol to ribosome
- tRNA has 3 bases called the anticodon which are complementary to mRNA codon
- Amino acids carried by tRNA joined together by peptide bond to form proteins
- STOP base sequence signals end
2
Q
Translation
A
- Base sequence signals start (AUG)
- Ribosome moves along mRNA 3 bases (codon) at a time
- tRNA is a small molecule that brings amino acid from cytosol to ribosome
- tRNA has 3 bases called the anticodon which are complementary to mRNA codon
- Amino acids carried by tRNA joined together by peptide bond to form proteins
- STOP base sequence signals end
3
Q
Epigenetic Inheritance vs Genetic Inheritance
A
- Genetic inheritance: DNA code passed from parent to offspring,
- Epigenetic inheritance: epigenetic tags can be passed down to future generations with no changes.
- Epigenetic tags influenced by environmental factors.
4
Q
Why do they study identical twins instead of fraternal, and why over large spans of ages?
A
- They share identical genotypes/genome, so any differences must be epigenetic factors.
- A large span of ages are chosen for subject to study the cumulative effects of epigenetic factors and more time given in terms of exposure to environmental effects.
5
Q
Transcription
A
- Helicase unwinds DNA
- DNA code is used as a template
- RNA polymerase
- mRNA forms complementary strand to DNA template strand.
- Uracil instead of thymine attached to adenine.
- free nucleotides used to form mRNA.
6
Q
A pair of chromatids form a chromosome. Do you disagree and why?
A
- Disagree
- Most of the time chromosomes are single stranded, loosely coiled in the form of chromatin.
- When sister chromatids separate during mitosis, the individual chromatids are still considered as chromosomes.
7
Q
Explain how radiation therapy causes cancerous cells to die if the cell attempts to divide.
A
- DNA replication cannot occur
- due to missing/loss of chromosomal material
- cell loses integrity
