Reproductive system and embryology

Question 1

what are the mail and female haploid cells?

Answer 1

male - spermatozoa
female - oocyte or ovum

Question 2

what are the gonads?

Answer 2

testes and ovaries

Question 3

what is produced after fertilisation?

Answer 3

a diploid cell know as a zygote

Question 4

where does the ovum travel to during fertilisation?

Answer 4

from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube

Question 5

where does the pelvic cavity lie?

Answer 5

bony pelvis and is continuous with the abdominal cavity
between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet

Question 6

what is the pelvic floor?

Answer 6

internal wall of skeletal muscle
separates pelvic cavity and perineum
voluntarily contracted

Question 7

what is the perineum?

Answer 7

inferior to pelvic floor
between proximal parts of the lower limbs

Question 8

what are the openings in the pelvic floor?

Answer 8

distal alimentary
reproductive and renal tracts can pass through

Question 9

what is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 9

lining of abdominal cavity
firmly attached to walls
drapes over pelvic viscera
forms the pelvic roof

Question 10

what is the pouch of douglas and what is it’s anatomical name?

Answer 10

lowest point of peritoneal cavity
rectouterine pouch

Question 11

what are the three tracts of the female perineum?

Answer 11

external urethral orifice (urinary tract)
vaginal orifice (female genital tract)
anus (gastrointestinal tract)

Question 12

what are the main female reproductive organs?

Answer 12

ovaries

Question 13

what are the female accessory reproductive organs?

Answer 13

uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 14

what are the three layers of the uterus wall?

Answer 14

perimetrium - outside
myometrium - muscle
endometrium - inside

Question 15

what is the fimbriae of the uterine tube?

Answer 15

opening into peritoneal cavity

Question 16

what are the three parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 16

isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum (funnel)

Question 17

what is the most common position of the uterus?

Answer 17

anteverted - cervix tipped anteriorly to axis of vagina
antiflexed - uterus tipped anteriorly to axid of cervix

Question 18

what is the size, shape and location of the ovaries?

Answer 18

almond size and shaped
located laterally in the pelvic cavity
in ovarian fossa

Question 19

where do the ovaries develop?

Answer 19

posterior abdominal wall and move onto lateral wall of the pelvis
bring all the uterus and nodes when they move

Question 20

what do the ovaries secrete?

Answer 20

oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones

Question 21

what are the three artery’s in the female pelvis?

Answer 21

ovarian artery
internal iliac artery (biggest supply)
uterine artery

Question 22

what occurs in each menstrual cycle?

Answer 22

one ovum is released from the surface of the ovary into the peritoneal cavity
the ovum is gathered by the fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
moves along uterine tube by cilia
unfertilised egg is expelled by contractions of the myometrium

Question 23

where does fertilisation usually occurs?

Answer 23

ampulla

Question 24

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 24

fertilised ovum implants out with the uterine cavity
potter rial emergency as danger haemorrhage

Question 25

what is female sterilisation?

Answer 25

tubal ligation
both uterine tubes clipped, cut or cauterised which blocks the lumen

Question 26

what is the anatomical position of the penis?

Answer 26

erect

Question 27

what is the function of the urethra?

Answer 27

passing urine and ejaculation of sperm

Question 28

where are the testes located?

Answer 28

scrotum

Question 29

where do the testes originate?

Answer 29

the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
by birth they have descended into the scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall (inguinal canal)

Question 30

what is the name of the tube that sperms passes through?

Answer 30

the vas ( vas deferens)
connects the testis to the urethra (almost)

Question 31

where is sperm produced?

Answer 31

seminiferous tubules
located outside body to maintain temp 1 degrees below core body temp
dartos muscle helps to control temp

Question 32

where do sperm go to after leaving the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 32

rete testis then to the head of epididymis which becomes vas deferens

Question 33

what does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 33

vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus if veins

Question 34

what is the torsion of the testis?

Answer 34

twisting of the spermatic cord
disrupts blood supply which can cause severe pain
danger if testicular necrosis

Question 35

what are the male reproductive organs?

Answer 35

testes

Question 36

what are the male accessory organs?

Answer 36

vas deferens
seminal glands
prostate gland
penis

Question 37

where does each spermatic cord pass through?

Answer 37

through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity

Question 38

what does each vas deferens connect to?

Answer 38

the duct from a seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form an ejaculatory duct containing semen
semen - sperm and seminal fluid

Question 39

where do the right and left ejaculatory ducts join together?

Answer 39

prostate gland which is immediately inferior to bladder and then drain into the urethra
the urethra opens at the external meatus of the penis