Reproductive system and embryology Flashcards
what are the mail and female haploid cells?
male - spermatozoa
female - oocyte or ovum
what are the gonads?
testes and ovaries
what is produced after fertilisation?
a diploid cell know as a zygote
where does the ovum travel to during fertilisation?
from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube
where does the pelvic cavity lie?
bony pelvis and is continuous with the abdominal cavity
between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
what is the pelvic floor?
internal wall of skeletal muscle
separates pelvic cavity and perineum
voluntarily contracted
what is the perineum?
inferior to pelvic floor
between proximal parts of the lower limbs
what are the openings in the pelvic floor?
distal alimentary
reproductive and renal tracts can pass through
what is the parietal peritoneum?
lining of abdominal cavity
firmly attached to walls
drapes over pelvic viscera
forms the pelvic roof
what is the pouch of douglas and what is it’s anatomical name?
lowest point of peritoneal cavity
rectouterine pouch
what are the three tracts of the female perineum?
external urethral orifice (urinary tract)
vaginal orifice (female genital tract)
anus (gastrointestinal tract)
what are the main female reproductive organs?
ovaries
what are the female accessory reproductive organs?
uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
what are the three layers of the uterus wall?
perimetrium - outside
myometrium - muscle
endometrium - inside
what is the fimbriae of the uterine tube?
opening into peritoneal cavity
what are the three parts of the uterine tubes?
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum (funnel)
what is the most common position of the uterus?
anteverted - cervix tipped anteriorly to axis of vagina
antiflexed - uterus tipped anteriorly to axid of cervix
what is the size, shape and location of the ovaries?
almond size and shaped
located laterally in the pelvic cavity
in ovarian fossa
where do the ovaries develop?
posterior abdominal wall and move onto lateral wall of the pelvis
bring all the uterus and nodes when they move
what do the ovaries secrete?
oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones
what are the three artery’s in the female pelvis?
ovarian artery
internal iliac artery (biggest supply)
uterine artery
what occurs in each menstrual cycle?
one ovum is released from the surface of the ovary into the peritoneal cavity
the ovum is gathered by the fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
moves along uterine tube by cilia
unfertilised egg is expelled by contractions of the myometrium
where does fertilisation usually occurs?
ampulla
what is an ectopic pregnancy?
fertilised ovum implants out with the uterine cavity
potter rial emergency as danger haemorrhage
what is female sterilisation?
tubal ligation
both uterine tubes clipped, cut or cauterised which blocks the lumen
what is the anatomical position of the penis?
erect
what is the function of the urethra?
passing urine and ejaculation of sperm
where are the testes located?
scrotum
where do the testes originate?
the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
by birth they have descended into the scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall (inguinal canal)
what is the name of the tube that sperms passes through?
the vas ( vas deferens)
connects the testis to the urethra (almost)
where is sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules
located outside body to maintain temp 1 degrees below core body temp
dartos muscle helps to control temp
where do sperm go to after leaving the seminiferous tubules?
rete testis then to the head of epididymis which becomes vas deferens
what does the spermatic cord contain?
vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus if veins
what is the torsion of the testis?
twisting of the spermatic cord
disrupts blood supply which can cause severe pain
danger if testicular necrosis
what are the male reproductive organs?
testes
what are the male accessory organs?
vas deferens
seminal glands
prostate gland
penis
where does each spermatic cord pass through?
through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity
what does each vas deferens connect to?
the duct from a seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form an ejaculatory duct containing semen
semen - sperm and seminal fluid
where do the right and left ejaculatory ducts join together?
prostate gland which is immediately inferior to bladder and then drain into the urethra
the urethra opens at the external meatus of the penis
