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A&P Exam 6 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Reproduction is a process in which

_____ by combining of called _____.

A

organisms produce offspring; germ cells; gametes

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2
Q

_____ (sperm or egg) have _____ chromosomes,

(half the number of chromosomes as _____ (body) cells.

A

Gametes; 23; somatic

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3
Q

When _____ combine to form a _____, a full

complement of _____ pairs (_____ chromosomes) is restored.

A

gametes; zygote; 23; 46

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4
Q

The male and female reproductive systems are
the organs designed to _____, _____ and
_____ the gametes to form a new individual.

A

produce, sustain and bring together

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5
Q

Gonads produce ______ and secrete _____.

A

gametes; hormones

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6
Q

Ducts _____, _____ and _____ gametes.

A

transport, receive and store

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7
Q

Accessory sex glands produce materials that _____.

A

support gametes

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8
Q

Gynecology deals with _____.

A

the diagnoses and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.

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9
Q

Urology

A

The study of the urinary system that also
includes diagnosis and treatment of diseases and
disorders of the male reproductive system.

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10
Q

Germ cells (_____ or _____), also called _____, have 1 set of _____.

A

egg or sperm; gametes; unpaired chromosomes

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11
Q

The female gamete is called an _____ (egg).

A

oocyte

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12
Q

Fertilization produces one cell called a _____ with _____ set(s) of chromosomes from each parent.

A

zygote; 1

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13
Q

Somatic (_____) cells have _____ pairs (_____ total) of chromosomes.

A

diploid; 23; 46

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14
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes are _____.

A

autosomes

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15
Q

You have _____ of sex chromosomes.

A

1 pair

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16
Q

Women have _____ X and _____ Y chromosomes.

A

2; 0

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17
Q

Men have _____ X and _____ Y chromosomes.

A

1; 1

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18
Q

Gametes are also called _____.

A

haploid cells

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19
Q

Gametes are produced by _____.

A

meiosis

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20
Q

In _____ the chromosomes double and the cell divides once.

A

mitosis

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21
Q

In _____ the chromosomes double and the cell divides twice.

A

meiosis

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22
Q

The male reproductive structures include: _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

testes, ducts, accessory sex glands and supporting structures

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23
Q

_____ are the primary male sex organ.

A

Testes

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24
Q

The testes produce _____ and _____.

A

sperm and testosterone

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25
Q

The ducts of the male reproductive system are: _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

ductus epididymus, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra

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26
Q

The male accessory sex glands include: _____, _____ and _____.

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

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27
Q

The supporting structures of the male reproductive system are the _____ and _____.

A

penis and scrotum

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28
Q

Semen contains _____ and _____.

A

sperm and glandular secretions

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29
Q

The _____ is an out-pouching of the skin that contains the testes.

A

scrotum

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30
Q

The testes are supported by the _____ and _____.

A

cremaster muscle and the spermatic cord

31
Q

The cremaster muscle _____ the testes on exposure to cold and _____ with warmth to maintain _____ for sperm production at _____ body temperature.

A

elevates; relaxes; optimal temperature; 2-3 degrees below

32
Q

Sperm cells are made in _____.

A

seminiferous tubules

33
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

The process of creating sperm

34
Q

Spermatogonium is also called the _____ and divides to _____.

A

sperm mother cell; produce sperm cells

35
Q

Sperm is also known as _____.

A

spermatozoon

36
Q

Testes develop near the _____ on the _____.

A

kidneys; posterior abdominal wall

37
Q

The testes descend into the _____ by passing through the _____ (_____) in the abdominal wall during the _____ month of fetal development.

A

scrotum; inguinal (groin) canal; 7th

38
Q

Cryptorchidism is _____ and may cause _____ or _____ if not corrected by _____.

A

failure of the testes to descend; cancer or sterility; one year of age

39
Q

Sperm cells are adapted for _____.

A

reaching and penetrating a secondary oocyte

40
Q

The head of sperm contains _____ surrounded by

_____ which holds _____.

A

DNA; acrosome; enzymes to penetrate into egg

41
Q

The midpiece of sperm contains _____ to form _____.

A

mitochondria; ATP

42
Q

The tail of sperm is _____ used for _____.

A

flagellum; locomotion

43
Q

Sperm are produced at a rate of about _____ per day and once ejaculated they have a life
expectancy of _____ within the
female reproductive tract.

A

250-300 million; 48 hours

44
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes _____ and _____.

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)

45
Q

FSH stimulates _____.

A

spermatogenesis

46
Q

LH assists _____ and stimulates _____.

A

spermatogenesis; production of testosterone

47
Q

Testosterone controls _____, ______, ______ and _____ of male sex organs.

A

growth, development, functioning and maintenance

48
Q

Testosterone stimulates _____ and _____.

A

sperm maturation and development of male secondary sex characteristics

49
Q

_____ regulate testosterone production.

A

Negative-feedback loops

50
Q

Testes produce inhibin to _____ and _____.

A

feedback to the pituitary and decrease production of FSH

51
Q

The _____ is a comma-shaped organ that lies

along the posterior border of the testis.

A

epididymis

52
Q

The epididymis functions in _____.

A

storage, maturation and transmission of sperm

53
Q

Structures within the spermatic cord include: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

testicular artery, testicular veins, autonomic nerves, lymphatic vessels, cremaster muscle, ductus (vas) deferens

54
Q

The _____ carries sperm to the urethra.

A

vas deferens

55
Q

A vasectomy is _____ to prevent pregnancy.

A

vas deferens

56
Q

Sperm starts in the _____ then goes from the _____ to the _____ before ending up in the _____.

A

seminiferous tubules; epididymis; vas deferens; urethra

57
Q

Male accessory sex glands add fluids for _____ and to _____.

A

nutritional support of sperm; aid in survival in the female vagina

58
Q

Ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the ducts from the _____ and _____.

A

the seminal vesicle and vas deferens

59
Q

The ejaculatory duct is about _____ long.

A

1 inch

60
Q

The ejaculatory duct functions to _____ and to _____.

A

add fluid to sperm during ejaculation; eject sperm into the urethra

61
Q

The _____ is the shared terminal duct of the
reproductive and urinary systems which serves as a
passageway for _____.

A

male urethra; semen and urine

62
Q

After a vasectomy, sperm production _____ but _____.

A

continues but sperm degenerate

63
Q

Vasectomies are _____ effective and _____ reversible.

A

99%; 40%

64
Q

The _____ is 2 inch long tunnel through in the 3 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A

inguinal canal

65
Q

A hernia is _____ that allows _____.

A

an enlargement of the tunnel or tear in the abdominal wall; the intestines to protrude

66
Q

The penis contains paired _____ and unpaired _____.

A

corpora cavernosa; corpus spongiosum

67
Q

The head of the penis is called the _____.

A

glans penis

68
Q

The body of the penis is composed of three _____ filled with _____.

A

erectile tissue masses; blood sinuses

69
Q

Corpora cavernosa is the _____.

A

upper paired, erectile tissue masses

70
Q

Corpus spongiosum is the _____ that _____ and ends as the _____.

A

lower erectile tissue mass; surrounds urethra; glans penis

71
Q

The _____ is the distal end of the corpus
spongiosum. The external urethral orifice is a
_____ called the ____. The _____, or foreskin, covers the _____.

A

glans penis; small spiral slit; meatus; prepuce; uncircumcised glans penis

72
Q

Circumcision can possibly lower the risk of _____, _____ and _____.

A

UTIs, cancer and sexually transmitted disease

73
Q

An erection is a _____ reflex caused by _____. The arteries supplying the penis _____ and the _____ fills with blood.

A

parasympathetic; sexual stimulation; dilate; erectile tissue

74
Q

During ejaculation, which is a _____ reflex, muscle contractions cause _____ and peristaltic contractions in the _____, _____ and _____ propel semen through the spongy _____.

A

sympathetic; the sphincter at base of bladder to close; ductus deferens,
seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and
prostate; urethra

A&P Exam 6 (3 decks)

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