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MEDSCI > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main functions of the gonads?

A
  1. produce gametes,
  2. produce reproductive hormones
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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus release?

A

Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones, For example gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

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3
Q

What are the two gonadotrophin’s that the anterior pituitary releases?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

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4
Q

where did the sex hormones released from the gonads negatively feedback?

A

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

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5
Q

what are the two main androgens?

A

Testosterone and 5 𝛼 dihydrotestosterone

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6
Q

Are the three main oestrogens?

A

oestrdiol, estrone, oetriol

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7
Q

What is the normal number of chromosomes?

A

46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomal and one pair of sex chromosomes

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8
Q

what is the region on the Y-chromosome that is responsible for sex determination?

A

Six determining region (SRY gene)

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9
Q

Is the Wolffian duct found in the female or male embryo?

A

Male

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10
Q

Is the Mullerian duct found in the female or male embryo?

A
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11
Q

What hormone do the Sertoli cells produce?

A

Anti-mullerian hormone

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12
Q

What hormone do the Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

what week does sexual differentiation of the gonads and genital ducks occur?

A

~ 6th week

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14
Q

What is the female sequence of events during puberty

A

Breasts –> pubic hair –> height spurt –> Manarche

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15
Q

Is the male sequence of events during puberty?

A

Testis development –> Pubic hair –> Penis growth –> Height increase

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16
Q

What is the average age of menarche?

A

12- 13 years

17
Q

What is the average age of spermache?

A

~13-14 years

18
Q

What is the average weight at menarche?

A

47 Kg

19
Q

What age is defined as precocious puberty

A

7 in girls

9 in boys

20
Q

What age is defined as delayed puberty (the lack of appearance of the physical and hormonal signs of puberty)

A

13 in girls

14 in boys

21
Q

What age does pre-menopause start?

A

40

22
Q

what age does the menopausal transition start and finish?

A

46–52

23
Q

What age does menopause start and what is this marked by

A

The final minstrel period is the mark of menopause which occurs around 50 to 52 years of age

24
Q

what are the four types of perimenopausal

A

Vasomotor (hot flushes), Genitourinary symptoms, Phone metabolism (Osteoporosis), Behavioural/psychological changes

25
Q

What are the 4 water soluable hormones?

A

GnRH

FSH

LH

Oxytocin

26
Q

What are the 3 types of lipid soluable hormones?

A

Androgens (Testes)

Oestrogens (Ovary)

Pregestagens (Ovary)

27
Q

Where is GnRH released from?

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

Where is FSH released from?

A

Anterior Pituitary

29
Q

Where is LH released from

A

Anterior pituitary

30
Q

Where is oxytocin released from?

A

Posterior Pituitary

31
Q

What is the role of FSH in Females?

A

FSH initiates follicular growth

32
Q

What is the role of LH in females?

A

LH stimulates further development of the ovarian follicles & stimulates ovulation

33
Q

What is the role of FSH in males?

A

Acts on sertoli cells to secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. Testosterone binds to this and provides a local T supply for the developing spermatogonia

34
Q

What is the role of LH in males?

A

LH acts on Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Testosterone produces DHT which helps with the development of secondary sexual characteristics and acts on the Sertolid cells to help with Sperm production.

35
Q

What does testosterone negatively feedback on in males?

A

Spermatogenesis, it negatively feeds back on the hypothalamus stopping the production of GnRH and the AP stopping the production of LH and FSH

36
Q

How many oocytes are released over the life time of a normal female?

A

~400

37
Q

What is the epithelium that lines the fallopian tube?

A

Ciliated and non ciliated secretory columnar epithelial cells

38
Q

What is the average weight of an ovary

A

5-10g

39
Q
A

MEDSCI (6 decks)

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