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Science > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm cells

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2
Q

Scrotum

A

Where the testes are located. Keeps the testes at a slightly lower temperature than body temperature.

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3
Q

Vas deferens

A

The tube through which sperm cells travel from the testes to the penis

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4
Q

Prostate gland

A

Secretes some of the liquid that is added to sperm cells to form semen. The fluid secreted by the prostate gland is alkaline and contains many chemicals including enzymes. It plays an important role in keeping sperm cells alive once they enter the female reproductive system.

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5
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

Also contributes some of the liquid that makes up semen. The fluid produced by the seminal vesicle contains proteins, enzymes, sugar, vitamin C and other substances. The sugar provides a source of energy for sperm cells.

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6
Q

Urethra

A

The tube inside the penis through which semen leaves the male’s body

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7
Q

Penis

A

The penis swells during sexual arousal. Semen containing sperm cells is ejaculated (released) from the penis into the vagina.

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8
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce ova. One egg is produced about once a month from one of the ovaries.

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9
Q

Fallopian tubes/oviducts

A

Tubes through which ova must travel to reach the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tubes.

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10
Q

Uterus

A

About the size of a pear when not pregant. It is where the embryo implants and is ‘home’ for the developing baby. The uterus lining is called the endometrium.

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11
Q

Cervix

A

The passageway between the vagina and the uterus. During childbirth the cervix dilates (opens up) to allow the baby to come out of the uterus. A ‘Pap smear’ involves scraping some cells from the cervix’s lining to check for any pre-cancerous changes.

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12
Q

Vagina

A

Elastic tube that connects the uterus to the outside world through which semen enters the female’s reproductive system. During birth, babies are pushed out of the uterus and pass through the vagina to enter the world.

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13
Q

Clitoris

A

Swells during sexual arousal and becomes highly sensitive when erect

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14
Q

sexual reproduction

A

sexual reproduction joining together of male and female reproductive cells

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15
Q

gametes

A

gametes reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

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16
Q

ova

A

ova female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

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17
Q

zygote

A

zygote cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilized ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

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18
Q

external fertilization

A

external fertilization reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilized by sperm released nearby

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19
Q

internal fertilization

A

internal fertilization reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilized by sperm inserted into the female

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20
Q

copulation

A

copulation the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

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21
Q

sexual intercourse

A

sexual intercourse act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

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22
Q

meiosis

A

meiosis cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

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23
Q

epigenetics

A

epigenetics a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

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24
Q

nuclear DNA

A

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

25
Q

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

A

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

26
Q

mtDNA

A

mtDNA genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

27
Q

ejaculation

A

ejaculation release of sperm

28
Q

semen

A

semen combination of fluid and sperm

29
Q

identical twins

A

identical twins twins developed from the same fertilized egg

30
Q

fraternal twins

A

fraternal twins twins developed from different fertilized eggs

31
Q

embryo

A

embryo group of cells formed from the zygote and developing into different body organs

32
Q

implantation

A

implantation the process whereby the embryo becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus

33
Q

fetus

A

fetus the unborn young of an animal that has developed a distinct head, arms and legs

34
Q

placenta

A

placenta an organ formed in the mother’s womb through which the baby receives food and oxygen from the mother’s blood and the baby’s wastes are removed

35
Q

gestation period

A

gestation period time spent by offspring developing in the uterus

36
Q

premature

A

premature describes a baby born less than 37 weeks after conception

37
Q

labour

A

labour childbirth

38
Q

breech

A

breech describes a birth in which the baby is born feet first

39
Q

cesarean

A

cesarean operation to remove a baby by cutting the mother’s abdomen

40
Q

conception

A

conception embedding of a fertilized egg in the uterus wall

41
Q

contraception

A

contraception prevention of fertilization of an egg or prevention of a fertilized egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

42
Q

contraceptives

A

contraceptives devices or substances that prevent fertilization of an egg or prevent a fertilized egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

43
Q

trans dermal

A

trans dermal patches skin applications containing hormones that are absorbed through the skin

44
Q

vaginal pills

A

vaginal pills soluble capsules containing spermicides that are placed in the vagina to prevent conception

45
Q

Filshie

A

Filshie clip type of Fallopian tube clamp

46
Q

testosterone injections

A

testosterone injections hormone injections that reduce sperm production

47
Q

anti-fertility vaccines

A

anti-fertility vaccines injections to control sperm and testosterone levels

48
Q

sperm duct plug

A

sperm duct plug injection of a liquid plastic to block the sperm duct

49
Q

chemical sterilization

A

chemical sterilization oral medication that results in male infertility

50
Q

gossypol

A

gossypol a non-hormonal substance that occurs naturally in unrefined cottonseed oil. When taken orally, it reduces sperm count.

51
Q

infertility

A

infertility the inability to have children

52
Q

sterile

A

sterile describes a person unable to produce reproductive cells

53
Q

donor eggs

A

donor eggs ova from another woman

54
Q

test-tube babies

A

test-tube babies resulting from fertilization of eggs by sperm in the laboratory

55
Q

surrogacy

A

surrogacy pregnancy that occurs when the fertilized egg is placed in the uterus of another woman who did not produce the egg

56
Q

pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

A

pre-implantation genetic diagnosis a procedure to diagnose and exclude genetic abnormalities in embryos before implantation into the mother’s body

57
Q

amniocentesis

A

amniocentesis removal and testing of fluid from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus

58
Q

ultrasound

A

ultrasound sound with frequencies too high for humans to hear

59
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

chorionic villus sampling a procedure in which cells from the developing placenta are removed for testing at 10–12 weeks of pregnancy, allowing certain abnormalities to be detected

Science (9 decks)

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