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Science yr 8 > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Testes

A

Organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

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2
Q

Scrotum

A

Pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

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3
Q

Sperm

A

Male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

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4
Q

Sexual Intercourse

A

Act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

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5
Q

Semen

A

Combination of fluid and sperm

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6
Q

Penis

A

The male reproductive organ

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7
Q

Bladder

A

A muscular membranous sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion.

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8
Q

Prostate gland

A

A gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing a fluid component of semen

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9
Q

Urethra

A

The duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen.

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10
Q

Follicles

A

Sacs containing egg cells

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11
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes

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12
Q

Fertilisation

A

Penetration of the ovum by a sperm

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13
Q

Puberty

A

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction

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14
Q

Hormones

A

chemical substances Produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body

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15
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstrual period

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16
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

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17
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Joining together of male and female reproductive cells

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18
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

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19
Q

Ova

A

Female gametes or sex cells (singular = ovum)

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20
Q

Zygote

A

Cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

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21
Q

External Fertilisation

A

Reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

22
Q

Internal fertilisation

A

Reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

23
Q

Copulation

A

The act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

24
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

25
Q

Epigenetics

A

A new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

26
Q

Nuclear DNA

A

Genetic Material Passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and ovum

27
Q

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

A

Genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

28
Q

Ejaculation

A

Release of sperm

29
Q

Identical Twins

A

Twins developed from the same fertilised egg

30
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Twins developed from different fertilised eggs

31
Q

Embryo

A

group of cells formed from the zygote and developing into different body organs

32
Q

Implantation

A

the process whereby the embryo becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus

33
Q

Fetus

A

the unborn young of an animal that has developed a distinct head, arms and legs

34
Q

Placenta

A

an organ formed in the mother’s womb through which the baby receives food and oxygen from the mother’s blood and the baby’s wastes are removed

35
Q

Gestation Period

A

Time spent by offspring developing in the uterus

36
Q

Premature

A

describes a baby born less than 37 weeks after conception

37
Q

Labour

A

Childbirth

38
Q

Breech

A

Describes a birth in which the baby is born feet first

39
Q

Cesarean

A

operation to remove a baby by cutting the mother’s abdomen

40
Q

Oxytocin

A

A hormone

41
Q

Conception

A

Embedding of a fertilised egg in the uterus wall

42
Q

Contraception

A

Prevention of fertilisation of an egg or prevention of a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

43
Q

Contraceptives

A

devices or Substances that prevent fertilisation of an egg or prevent a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

44
Q

Transdermal Patches

A

skin applications containing hormones that are absorbed through the skin

45
Q

Vaginal Pills

A

soluble capsules containing spermicides that are placed in the vagina to prevent conception

46
Q

FIlshie clip

A

type of fallopian tube clamp

47
Q

Testosterone injections

A

hormone injections that reduce sperm production

48
Q

Anti-fertility vaccines

A

injections to control sperm and testosterone levels

49
Q

Sperm duct plug

A

injection of a liquid plastic to block the sperm duct

50
Q

Chemical sterilisation

A

oral medication that results in male infertility

51
Q

Gossypol

A

a non-hormonal substance that occurs naturally in unrefined cottonseed oil. When taken orally, it reduces sperm count

Science yr 8 (5 decks)

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