Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

Question 3

Inheritance

Answer 3

a thing that is inherited.

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

An allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism’s phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present.

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

A recessive gene is a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. … You might remember the word recessive from biology, where it most often appears. Its opposite is dominant and is always living in its shadow. A recessive allele has to team up with another recessive allele in order to show up.

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

An allele is one of the possible forms of a gene. Most genes have two alleles, a dominant allele and a recessive allele. If an organism is heterozygous for that trait, or possesses one of each allele, then the dominant trait is expressed. … Alleles were first defined by Gregor Mendel in the law of segregation.

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

A process in which the parent cell divides itself into 2 identical daughter cells containing the same DNA information

Question 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information

Question 9

Nucleotide

Answer 9

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a sugar derived from ribose by replacement of a hydroxyl group by hydrogen.

Question 11

adenine (A)

Answer 11

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 12

thymine (T)

Answer 12

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 13

guanine (G)

Answer 13

a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pure derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 14

cytosine (C)

Answer 14

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of DNA. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 15

base pairing

Answer 15

Any of the pairs of nucleotides connecting the complementary strands of a molecule of DNA or RNA and consisting of a purine linked to a pyrimidine by hydrogen bonds. The base pairs are adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine in DNA, and adenine-uracil and guanine-cytosine in RNA or in hybrid DNA-RNA pairing

Question 16

Chargaff’s rule .

Answer 16

Chargaff’s rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA.

Question 17

nucleic acids

Answer 17

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 18

nitrogenous base

Answer 18

A nitrogenous base is simply a nitrogen-containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base. They are particularly important since they make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil.

Question 19

double helix

Answer 19

a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.

Question 20

complementary base pairs

Answer 20

Complementary base pairing is the phenomenon where in DNA guanine always hydrogen bonds to cytosine and adenine always binds to thymine.

Question 21

amino acid

Answer 21

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.

Question 22

ribose

Answer 22

a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.

Question 23

uracil

Answer 23

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA it is replaced by thymine.

Question 24

codon

Answer 24

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Question 25

messenger RNA (mRNA).

Answer 25

messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 26

transcription

Answer 26

the process of transcribing RNA, with existing DNA serving as a template, or vice versa.

Question 27

ribosomes

Answer 27

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.