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Liv Env > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

semen

A

liquid and sperm cells; creates a pool for the sperm to swim in
passes out through the urethra

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2
Q

penis

A

deposits the sperm in the female’s reproductive tract

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3
Q

testes

A

produce testosterone

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4
Q

ovaries

A

produce eggs ; estrogen and progesterone

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5
Q

pathway of egg

A

ovary–> oviduct/ Fallopian tube –> uterus (if it’s not fertilized–>cervix –>vagina

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6
Q

cervix

A

lower end of the uterus

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7
Q

vagina

A

muscular tube (birth canal)

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8
Q

menstrual cycle

A

events that prepare the uterus for pregnancy

Follicle stage –> ovulation –> corpus luteum –> menstruation

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9
Q

vas deferens

A

tube that carries the sperm from the testes to the urethrea

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10
Q

prostate

A

gland that adds fluid to the sperm

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11
Q

scrotum

A

sac of skin that holds the testes; keeps the temp lower than the body to produce sperm

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12
Q

pathway of sperm

A

testes–> vas deferns–> urethra–> out of body

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13
Q

follicle stage

A

9 days- egg ripens

**Estrogen & progesterone increase

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14
Q

Ovulation

A 
1 day (14th day), between follicle and corpus leteum, when the mature egg is released into a Fallopian Tube
**LH is at its peak
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15
Q

Corpus Luteal Phase

A

ovulation to menstruation, sac fills with corpus luteum, uterine wall is the thickest (14 days)
**Progesterone increases, FSH LOW

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16
Q

Menstrual Flow Stage

A

Period of menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels are lowest, new egg begins to develop, Uterine walls shed and unfertilized egg exits, 3-7 days
**estrogen & progesterone are low

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17
Q

follicle

A

holds the eggs in the ovaries

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18
Q

what are the 3 layers of the egg cell?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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19
Q

why is it important that only one sperm fertilizes the egg?

A

if more than one did, the zygote would not have 2n, and would therefore not be human

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20
Q

if more than one egg is released, what happens?

A

twins/triplets/quadruplets

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21
Q

why isn’t fertilization considered to be complete until the nuclei join?

A

that’s when the 2 nuclei (chromosomes) unite and become diploid

22
Q

how many eggs are made when an egg cell undergoes regular meiosis?

A

1 egg, 3 polar bodies

23
Q

Chorion

A

Gas exchange

24
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

Cushions and protects the embryo

25
Q

Allantois

A

Stores waste products and later on acts as a respiratory organ

26
Q

Embryo

A

What the organism is called up to 8 weeks after fertilization

27
Q

Airspace

A

Functions in helping the embryo to breathe, provides room for growth

28
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Contains the yolk

29
Q

Yolk

A

Food and nutrients

30
Q

Albumen

A

The white of the egg; blood vessels

31
Q

Shell

A

Protects the embryo

32
Q

What does the bird get it’s nutrients?

A

Yolk sac

33
Q

How does the bird get it’s O2?

A

Airspace and chorion

34
Q

What parts of the egg protects the embryo from the environment?

A

Shell, amniotic fluid

35
Q

Placenta

A

The link between the mom and the embryo.

*blood does not mix

36
Q

Differentiation

A

When the cells become specialized and different

Increase in size and # of cells

37
Q

What determines if a gene is active or inactive?

A

Environment, construction of of cytoplasm

38
Q

What does it mean for a gene to be expressed?

A

Actively producing proteins.

Plants grown without light–>white

39
Q

Differentiation order

A

Fertilization->zygote->cleavage->morula->blastula-> gastrula.

40
Q

Protostome

A

Animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore

41
Q

Deuterostome

A

An animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore

42
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost layer

Forms the digestive tract and respiratory system

43
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer

Makes muscles, circulatory, reproductive, excretory organs

44
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outermost layer

Makes sense organs, nerves, outermost layer of skin

45
Q

Cleavage

A

Rapid series of mitotic divisions

46
Q

Blastulation

A

Blastula forms, made of a single layer of cells

47
Q

Gastrulation

A

Forming of 3 germ layers

48
Q

Sequence of the events for the formation and development of an embryo

A

Meiosis fertilization cleavage differentiation

49
Q

Sequence of the development of the embryo

A

Fertilization cleavage blastula gastrula

50
Q

Why can alcohol can effect the fetus

A

The alcohol can diffuse from the mothers blood to the embryo’s within the placenta

51
Q

What happens in prenatal development?

A

Menstruation and fertilization

Liv Env (9 decks)

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