Endocrine System

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

chemicals that travel throughout the bloodstream and affect the activities of other cells

Question 2

target cells

Answer 2

cells that have receptors for a specific hormone

Question 3

exocrine glands

Answer 3

release hormones through ducts ex. sweat, tears, and digestive juices

Question 4

endocrine glands

Answer 4

release hormones directly into bloodstream ex. pituitary

Question 5

pituitary gland

Answer 5

GH-bone and muscle growth
ACTH-release of hormones
TSH,
FSH,

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

regulates activities of the pituitary gland

link between the endocrine and nervous system

Question 7

thyroid

Answer 7

thyroxin- increases rate of metabolism

Question 8

pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

Answer 8

insulin and glucagon

Question 9

ovaries

Answer 9

estrogen-control secondary female sex characteristics and preparation during pregnancy
progesterone- maintain uterine lining

Question 10

testes

Answer 10

testosterone- controls secondary male characteristics

Question 11

parathyroid

Answer 11

parathormone- affects calcium metabolism for bones, blood clotting and teeth

Question 12

adrenal cortex

Answer 12

cortisol: balances glucose level in blood between meals
aldosterone: controls water balance and helps maintain blood pressure

Question 13

adrenal medulla

Answer 13

adrenaline: causes blood sugar level to rise

heart beat increases and breathing rate to increase

Question 14

goiter

Answer 14

enlargement of thyroid; lack of iodine; aka hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Question 15

diabetes mellitus

Answer 15

deficiency of insulin (pancreas)

Question 16

giantism/dwarfism

Answer 16

bones are over/under developed because of a malfunction of the pituitary gland that secretes GH

Question 17

alpha cells

Answer 17

part of the pancreas

glucagon: raises blood sugar level,conversion of glycogen into the liver,

Question 18

beta cells

Answer 18

part of the pancreas
insulin:when glucose levels are high–> it lowers it by passing it into cells
when glucose levels are low–> converts glucose to fats or glycogen

Question 19

negative feedback

Answer 19

a process in which things are turned off to help maintain a set point or homeostasis
ex: guard cells,in the pancreas, insulin and glucagon, a house heating system