Endocrine System Flashcards
hormones
chemicals that travel throughout the bloodstream and affect the activities of other cells
target cells
cells that have receptors for a specific hormone
exocrine glands
release hormones through ducts ex. sweat, tears, and digestive juices
endocrine glands
release hormones directly into bloodstream ex. pituitary
pituitary gland
GH-bone and muscle growth
ACTH-release of hormones
TSH,
FSH,
hypothalamus
regulates activities of the pituitary gland
link between the endocrine and nervous system
thyroid
thyroxin- increases rate of metabolism
pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
insulin and glucagon
ovaries
estrogen-control secondary female sex characteristics and preparation during pregnancy
progesterone- maintain uterine lining
testes
testosterone- controls secondary male characteristics
parathyroid
parathormone- affects calcium metabolism for bones, blood clotting and teeth
adrenal cortex
cortisol: balances glucose level in blood between meals
aldosterone: controls water balance and helps maintain blood pressure
adrenal medulla
adrenaline: causes blood sugar level to rise
heart beat increases and breathing rate to increase
goiter
enlargement of thyroid; lack of iodine; aka hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
diabetes mellitus
deficiency of insulin (pancreas)
giantism/dwarfism
bones are over/under developed because of a malfunction of the pituitary gland that secretes GH
alpha cells
part of the pancreas
glucagon: raises blood sugar level,conversion of glycogen into the liver,
beta cells
part of the pancreas
insulin:when glucose levels are high–> it lowers it by passing it into cells
when glucose levels are low–> converts glucose to fats or glycogen
negative feedback
a process in which things are turned off to help maintain a set point or homeostasis
ex: guard cells,in the pancreas, insulin and glucagon, a house heating system
