Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the cells the of the gonads
In ovaries they are oocytes and and in testees they are spermatozoa
What are the gonads
Ovaries and testes
What is the release of an oocyte
Ovulation
What are the hormones of the female reproductive system
Estrogens, progesterone, relaxin, inhibin.
In humans the oviducts are called what?
Fallopian tubes
What are the ducts of the female reproductive system
The Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina
What are the glands of the female reproductive system
Bartholins and skenes
What is spermatozoa before it’s released
Spermatocytes
What are the hormones of the male reproductive system
Androgens (testosterone) inhibin
Name the ducts of the male reproductive system
Epididymis, vasa deferentia, urethra, penis
What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system
Prostate, seminal vesicles and cowpers glands
What are the gonads in the embryo
They are bipotential gonads (undifferentiated gonads)
What determines which gonads will come from the bipotential gonads
The presence of the Y chromosome and the sry gene
What is the duct system of the male and the duct system of the female
The male is the wolffian duct and the female is called the mullarian duct
The female reproductive system develops under what condition
In the absence of testosterone and the mullarian-inhibiting factor
What does the posterior pituitary secrete
ADH and oxytocin
What is sex determination
The process of which either testees or ovaries develop.
What does the anterior lobe secrete
Trophic hormones
What is the andenohypophysis and what is the neurohypophysis
The anterior lobe of the pituitary and the posterior lobe of the pituitary lobe
What does oxytocin do
It stimulates the breast to secret milk and stimulates the smooth muscle contraction of the myometrium during childbirth
How is oxytocin released during labor
When the fetal head presses on the uterine cervix which sends sensory impulses to the hypothalamus which is triggered to release oxytocin.
What are the tropic hormones
- growth hormone
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- prolactin
- gonadotrophins
What does prolactin do
It synthesizes the breast milk
What are the gonadotrophins
Fsh and LH
What is the increase of growth hormone in adults and what is the deficiency
Acromegaly is the increase and muscle weakness is the decrease
What is the increase of Cortisol cause and what is the deficiency
The increase is crushing’s syndrome and the decrease is Addison’s disease
What is release In response to stress
Cortisol
What is a goiter
The enlarged thyroid gland due to either hyper or hypo thyroidism
Which pituitary gonadotrophins is responsible for the maturation of the follicle and oocyte
FSH
What are the epithelial sacs of the ovaries
The follicle
The primary follicle has how many layers around it
One
The tiny immature follicles at the edge of the ovary are referred to as what
Primordial follicles
What are the characteristics of a graaffian follicle
A Larger oocyte, a cumulus oophurus, two or more layers and an Antrum.
What is the mass of cells around the oocyte that attaches it to the follicle wall
Cumulus oophorus
What is the fluids base space in the follicle and what hormone is in it
It’s called an Antrum and it has estrogen.
At what point of the menstrual cycle does LH take over?
At ovulation.
What is the regressed corpus luteum once there is no pregnancy
The corpus albicans
What is the function of the thyroid-stimulating hormone
It regulates oxygen and metabolic rate
What are the thyroid stimulating hormones
T3 and T4
What does growth hormone do to the liver?
It induces it to produce somatomedins
What is the prescribed drug containing oxytocin
Pitocin
What is another word for birth
Parturition
Where does the sperm mature
Epididymis
What is an autosome
A non sex chromosome
What is nondisjunction
The nonseperation of chromosomes during meiosis
What is the result of an egg with no sex chromosome and a sperm with a x chomosome
It results in a female with turners syndrome
What is the results of an egg with two X chromosomes and a sperm with a Y chromosome
A boy with klinefeller syndrome
What is the result of an egg with an X chromosome with a sperm with two Y chromosomes
A boy with Jacob syndrome
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia
It is the lack of an enzyme that the adrenal gland needs to make the hormones aldosterone and cortisol
What is the role of progesterone
It limits estrogen action and maintains uterine lining
What is the role of Sertoli cells
They nourish sperm, move sperm towards lumen, produce anti-mullarian hormone, produce androgen binding globulin (attaches to testosterone), produce inhibin (decrease FSH), create blood-testis barrier
What is human placental lactogen
It is hormone produced by the placenta, that breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the the growing baby.
After the implantation of the zygote which hormone prevents luteolysis?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin
During pregnancy is the placenta an endocrine or exocrine organ.
Endocrine
Which hormone turns inhibin off
Gonadotrophin production by short loop in the anterior pituitary and long loop in the hypothalamus
What are the three estrogens
Estradiol-17beta, estrone and estriol
Which gonadotrophin stimulates the interstitial cells in the male
LH
In what response does the anterior pituitary produce gonadotrophins
In response to hypothalamic gonadotrophin- releasing hormone.
