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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the cells the of the gonads

A

In ovaries they are oocytes and and in testees they are spermatozoa

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1
Q

What are the gonads

A

Ovaries and testes

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2
Q

What is the release of an oocyte

A

Ovulation

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3
Q

What are the hormones of the female reproductive system

A

Estrogens, progesterone, relaxin, inhibin.

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4
Q

In humans the oviducts are called what?

A

Fallopian tubes

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5
Q

What are the ducts of the female reproductive system

A

The Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina

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6
Q

What are the glands of the female reproductive system

A

Bartholins and skenes

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7
Q

What is spermatozoa before it’s released

A

Spermatocytes

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8
Q

What are the hormones of the male reproductive system

A

Androgens (testosterone) inhibin

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9
Q

Name the ducts of the male reproductive system

A

Epididymis, vasa deferentia, urethra, penis

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10
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system

A

Prostate, seminal vesicles and cowpers glands

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11
Q

What are the gonads in the embryo

A

They are bipotential gonads (undifferentiated gonads)

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12
Q

What determines which gonads will come from the bipotential gonads

A

The presence of the Y chromosome and the sry gene

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13
Q

What is the duct system of the male and the duct system of the female

A

The male is the wolffian duct and the female is called the mullarian duct

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14
Q

The female reproductive system develops under what condition

A

In the absence of testosterone and the mullarian-inhibiting factor

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15
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete

A

ADH and oxytocin

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16
Q

What is sex determination

A

The process of which either testees or ovaries develop.

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17
Q

What does the anterior lobe secrete

A

Trophic hormones

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18
Q

What is the andenohypophysis and what is the neurohypophysis

A

The anterior lobe of the pituitary and the posterior lobe of the pituitary lobe

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19
Q

What does oxytocin do

A

It stimulates the breast to secret milk and stimulates the smooth muscle contraction of the myometrium during childbirth

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20
Q

How is oxytocin released during labor

A

When the fetal head presses on the uterine cervix which sends sensory impulses to the hypothalamus which is triggered to release oxytocin.

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21
Q

What are the tropic hormones

A
  • growth hormone
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • prolactin
  • gonadotrophins
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22
Q

What does prolactin do

A

It synthesizes the breast milk

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23
Q

What are the gonadotrophins

A

Fsh and LH

24
Q

What is the increase of growth hormone in adults and what is the deficiency

A

Acromegaly is the increase and muscle weakness is the decrease

25
Q

What is the increase of Cortisol cause and what is the deficiency

A

The increase is crushing’s syndrome and the decrease is Addison’s disease

26
Q

What is release In response to stress

A

Cortisol

27
Q

What is a goiter

A

The enlarged thyroid gland due to either hyper or hypo thyroidism

28
Q

Which pituitary gonadotrophins is responsible for the maturation of the follicle and oocyte

A

FSH

29
Q

What are the epithelial sacs of the ovaries

A

The follicle

30
Q

The primary follicle has how many layers around it

A

One

31
Q

The tiny immature follicles at the edge of the ovary are referred to as what

A

Primordial follicles

32
Q

What are the characteristics of a graaffian follicle

A

A Larger oocyte, a cumulus oophurus, two or more layers and an Antrum.

33
Q

What is the mass of cells around the oocyte that attaches it to the follicle wall

A

Cumulus oophorus

34
Q

What is the fluids base space in the follicle and what hormone is in it

A

It’s called an Antrum and it has estrogen.

35
Q

At what point of the menstrual cycle does LH take over?

A

At ovulation.

36
Q

What is the regressed corpus luteum once there is no pregnancy

A

The corpus albicans

37
Q

What is the function of the thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

It regulates oxygen and metabolic rate

38
Q

What are the thyroid stimulating hormones

A

T3 and T4

39
Q

What does growth hormone do to the liver?

A

It induces it to produce somatomedins

40
Q

What is the prescribed drug containing oxytocin

A

Pitocin

41
Q

What is another word for birth

A

Parturition

42
Q

Where does the sperm mature

A

Epididymis

43
Q

What is an autosome

A

A non sex chromosome

44
Q

What is nondisjunction

A

The nonseperation of chromosomes during meiosis

45
Q

What is the result of an egg with no sex chromosome and a sperm with a x chomosome

A

It results in a female with turners syndrome

46
Q

What is the results of an egg with two X chromosomes and a sperm with a Y chromosome

A

A boy with klinefeller syndrome

47
Q

What is the result of an egg with an X chromosome with a sperm with two Y chromosomes

A

A boy with Jacob syndrome

48
Q

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

It is the lack of an enzyme that the adrenal gland needs to make the hormones aldosterone and cortisol

49
Q

What is the role of progesterone

A

It limits estrogen action and maintains uterine lining

50
Q

What is the role of Sertoli cells

A

They nourish sperm, move sperm towards lumen, produce anti-mullarian hormone, produce androgen binding globulin (attaches to testosterone), produce inhibin (decrease FSH), create blood-testis barrier

51
Q

What is human placental lactogen

A

It is hormone produced by the placenta, that breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the the growing baby.

52
Q

After the implantation of the zygote which hormone prevents luteolysis?

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin

53
Q

During pregnancy is the placenta an endocrine or exocrine organ.

A

Endocrine

54
Q

Which hormone turns inhibin off

A

Gonadotrophin production by short loop in the anterior pituitary and long loop in the hypothalamus

55
Q

What are the three estrogens

A

Estradiol-17beta, estrone and estriol

56
Q

Which gonadotrophin stimulates the interstitial cells in the male

A

LH

57
Q

In what response does the anterior pituitary produce gonadotrophins

A

In response to hypothalamic gonadotrophin- releasing hormone.

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (3 decks)

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