Reproductive system 2

Question 1

Peritoneum (2)

Answer 1

• continuous at the pelvic inlet with the peritoneum of the abdomen
• in the pelvis, it forms pouches between adjacent viscera; and folds and ligaments between viscera and pelvic wall

Question 2

Median umbilical fold

Answer 2

Cover embryological remnants of the urachus

Question 3

Medial umbilical fold

Answer 3

Cover embryological remnants of umbilical arteries

Question 4

Perineum (3)

Answer 4

• inferiorly to the pelvic floor between the thighs
• formed by pelvic outlet, pelvic diahpragm and the walls of the pelvic cavity
• forms the anal and the urogenital triangle by an imaginary line between the two ischial tuberosities

Question 5

Borders, ceiling and roof of the perineum are formed by… (5)

Answer 5

pubic symphysis 
coccyx 
ischial tuberosities 
ischiopubic rami (lateral margin)
sacrotuberous ligaments (lateral margin)
Levator ani muscles (roof)

Question 6

Anatomical position of the two triangles

Answer 6

Urogenital triangle –> horizontal plane

Anal triangle –> tilted upward at the trans tubercular line

Question 7

Urogenital hiatus (2)

Answer 7

• at the urogenital triangle

- allows the passage of the urethra and vagina

Question 8

Perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch (2)

Answer 8

• fills the urogenital triangle
• free posterior border attached to the pubic arch
• superior to perineal membrane (deep perineal pouch) a layer of skeletal muscle and neurovascular tissue

Question 9

1. Structures that provide support for the external genitalia
2. Structures that provide support for the pelvic viscera

Answer 9

1. perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch

2. perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch

Question 10

Ischio- anal fossa and their anterior recesses

Answer 10

• between the levator ani muscles and adjacent pelvic walls
• in the anal triangle.
• formed by ischium, obturator internus muscle, sacrotuberous ligament, levator ani muscle
• allow for movement of the pelvic diaphragm and expansion of the anal canal during defecation

Question 11

Anal triangle

Answer 11

• formed by: sacrotuberous ligament, line between two ischial tuberosities and coccyx
• major muscle is the external anal sphincter
• ceiling is the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani muscles)
• anal aperture is related to an ischio- anal fossa

Question 12

Muscles of the anal triangle

-O, I and F

Answer 12

External anal sphincter
Deep part:
O: superior aspect of anal canal
F: closes anal canal

Superficial part:
O: lower part of anal canal
I: anchored to perineal body and anococcygeal body

Subcutaneous part:
O: surrounds anal aperture

Question 13

Urogenital triangle

Answer 13

• contains the roots of external genitalia and the openings of the urogenital system
• horizontal plane
• formed by: the ischio- pubic rami, line between the ischial tuberosities and the pubic symphysis
• support platform (perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch)

Question 14

Principal structures in the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 14

erectile tissues (central core of expandable vascular tissue and surrounding connective tissue) of the penis, clitoris and associated skeletal muscles

Question 15

Erectile tissues

Answer 15

Two sets of structures

1. Pair of corpora cavernosa: anchored to the pubic arch, form the body of clitoris and penis
2. surrounds the opening of the urogenital system

Question 16

Muscles of the superficial perineal pouch

-O, I, F

Answer 16

Ischiocavernosus

• O: ischial tuberosity
• I: crus of penis and clitoris
• F: move blood from crura into the body of the erect penis and clitoris

Superificial transverse perineal

• O: ischial tuberosity and ramus
• I: perineal body
• f: stabilize the perineal body

Bulbospongiosus muscle

Question 17

Bulbospongiosus muscle

-O, I, F

Answer 17

O: perineal body (in women) and perineal body and midline raphe (men)
I: in women (perineal membrane, body of clitoris, corpus cavernosum) in men (perineal membrane and cporus cavernosum)
F: emission of semen during ejaculation and removal of residual urine after urination

Question 18

Superificial fascia of the urogenital triangle

-Colle’s fascia is attached to

Answer 18

• perineal membrane –> therefore it does not extend into the anal triangle
• ischiopubic rami that form the lateral borders of the urogenital triangle –> therefore does not extend into the thigh

Question 19

Inguinal Canal

-Male vs. Female

Answer 19

Male: the spermatic cord passes through the inguinal canal, to supply and drain the testes.

Females: the round ligament of the uterus traverses through the canal on its way to the labia majora.

Question 20

Development of reproductive system

Answer 20

Gonads develop into ovaries and testes

Question 21

Male reproductive tract develop from..

Female reproductive tract develop from…

Answer 21

• the mesonephric duct.

- the paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct).