Reproductive System 1

Question 1

True pelvis (lesser pelvis) and False pelvis (greater pelvis)

Answer 1

True pelvis –> related to inferior parts of the pelvic bone and has an inlet and an outlet.

False pelvis –> superior regions related to the upper parts of the pelvic bone and lower lumbar vertebrae.

Question 2

Perineum (5)

Answer 2

• forms the pelvic outlet
• contains external genitalia
• in males, it is the area between anus and scrotum
• in females, it is the area between anus and vulva
• contains and supports the bladder, rectum, anal canal and reproductive tracts

Question 3

Bladder and anal canal

-Structures that support it

Answer 3

Bladder –> supported by elements of the pelvic bone and pelvic floor

Anal canal –> supported my muscles of the pelvic floor

Question 4

Pelvic cavity

-women vs. men

Answer 4

Women –> vagina penetrates the pelvic floor and connects with the uterus in the pelvic floor

Men –> pelvic cavity is the site of connection between reproductive and urinary system. It also contains glands, prostate and two seminal vesicles.

Question 5

Roots of the external genitalia

1. External genitalia in men
2. External genitalia in women
3. They all consists of…
4. They all are anchored to…

Answer 5

1. penis
2. clitoris
3. erectile tissue and its associated skeletal muscles
4. bony margin of the pelvic outlet and perineal membrane

Question 6

Pelvic inlet (5)

Answer 6

• heart- shaped ringed bone
• the pubic symphysis is where the two bones meet
• structures pass between the pelvic cavity and abdomen through the pelvic inlet
• alae wing contribute to its margin
• it is bordered by the body of vertebra S1

Question 7

Pelvic walls (3)

Answer 7

• consists of bone, ligament, muscles, sacrum, coccyx and pelvic bones.
• sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments link each pelvic bone to the sacrum and coccyx
• obturator internus and piriformis muscle act on the hip joint

Question 8

Pelvic outlet (3)

Answer 8

• consists of bones and ligament
• ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament and pubic arch
• limited by the pubic symphysis

Question 9

Pelvic floor

Answer 9

• separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
• contains the pelvic diaphragm, which is formed by two levator ani muscles and coccygeus mucles
• supported by perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch

Question 10

Perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch

Answer 10

Perineal membrane –> fascial sheet that fills the space between the arms of the pubic arch, oriented in horizontal plane

Deep perineal pouch –> regions superior to the perineal membrane

Question 11

Pelvic cavity (4)

Answer 11

• lined by peritoneum
• does not reach pelvic floor
• contains pelvic viscera
• bladder is anterior, rectum is posterior

Question 12

Perineum (3)

Answer 12

• inferior to pelvic floor between lower limbs
• its margin is formed by the pelvic outlet
• forms two triangular regions (urogenital and anal triangle)

Question 13

Urogenital triangle and Anal triangle

Answer 13

Urogenital –> contains the roots of the external genitalia, faces more inferiorly

Anal –> contains the anal aperture, faces more posteriorly

Question 14

Relationship to other regions

-Abdomen

Answer 14

True pelvis is continuous with the abdomen at the pelvic inlet

Question 15

Relationship to other regions

-Lower limb

Answer 15

Obturator canal –> forms a passage way between the pelvic cavity and the adductor region of the thigh, formed in the obturator forament

Greater and lesser sciatic notch –>inferior to the pelvic floor, provides communication between the gluteal region and the perineum

Question 16

1. Ureters pathway

2. Structures that crosses the ureters in the pelvic cavity (men and women)

Answer 16

1.kidneys –> posterior abdominal wall –> pelvic inlet –> lateral pelvic wall –> bladder

2. In women, the uterine artery crosses it at the cervix of the uterus.
   In men, the ductus deferens crosses it posterior to the bladder.

Question 17

• Muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor and the perineum intersect at the…
• Structures that converge at this place

Answer 17

• Perineal body

- Levator ani muscles, muscles of the urogenital and anal triangle, skeletal muscle sphincters

Question 18

Urethra pathway in men and women

Answer 18

Men: prostate –> deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane –> enclosed within erectile tissue of penis –> end of penis

Women: bladder –> pelvic floor –> perineum

Question 19

Muscles of the pelvic wall
-O, I and F
(2 of them)

Answer 19

Obturator internus
O: True pelvis

Piriformis
O: sacrum

I: greater trochanter of femur
F: lateral rotation of extended hip joint, abduction of flexed hip

Question 20

Muscles of the pelvic wall
-O, I and F
(2 of them)

Answer 20

Levator ani
O: pubic bone and ischial spine
I: perineal membrane and anal canal
F: contributes to the pelvic floor and reinforces the anal external sphincter

Coccygeus
O: ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
I: coccyx and sacrum
F: contributes to the pelvic floor and pulls coccyx forward after defecation

Question 21

Muscles within the deep perineal pouch

-Only names

Answer 21

External urethral sphincter
Deep transverse perineal
Compressor urethrae (only in women)
Sphincter urethrovaginalis

Question 22

External urethral sphincter and Deep transverse perineal

-O, I and F

Answer 22

External urethral sphincter
O: inferior ramus of pubis and walls of deep perineal pouch
I: membranous part of urethra
F: compresses membranous urethra and relaxes during pee.

Deep transverse perineal
O: ischial ramus
I: perineal body
F: stabilizes position of perineal body

Question 23

Compressor urethrae and Sphincter urethrovaginalis

-O, I and F

Answer 23

Compressor urethrae
O: ischiopubic ramus
I: blends with partner on the other side
F: accessory sphincter for urethra

Sphincter urethrovaginalis
O: perineal body
I: blends with partner on the other side
F: accesory sphincter for urethra

Question 24

Structures that attach to the perineal body (6)

Answer 24

-perineum
-muscles of pelvic floor
-deep transverse perineal muscle
-sphincter urethrovaginalis
-levator ani muscles
-external anal sphincter
(there are others)