Reproductive system 2 Flashcards
Functions of the female reproductive system
-Produces ova through oogenesis
-Receives sperm
-Maintains developing foetus
-Gives birth (parturition)
-Nourished the newborn (lactation)
What are the components of the female reproductive tract
-Ovaries
-Fallopian tubes
-Uterus
-Cervix
-Vagina and Vestibule
-Vulva
-Ligaments
What are the functions of ovaries
-Used for oogenesis, which is the production of ovum from an immature oocyte.
-Produces oestrogen (stimulated by LH) by cells of developing ovarian follicles
-Causes changes to prepare animals for pregnancy (progestins prepare uterus)
Structure of ovaries
-Outer layer of epithelium and inner layer of dense connective tissue
-Divided into Medulla (connective tissue, vessels, nerves) and Cortex (surrounds medulla and consists of ovarian follicles, each with an oocyte, imbedded in connective tissue)
Function of the fallopian tubes
-Transports oocyte from ovary to ampulla
-Transports spermatozoa from isthmus to ampulla
-Transports zygote to uterine horns for implantation
Function of ampulla
Site of fertilisation
3 parts of fallopian tubes
- Infundibulum: captures oocyte
- Ampulla: site of fertilisation
- Isthmus: site of sperm maturation
Functions of the uterus
-Transports spermatozoa to fallopian tubes
-Grows offspring by supplying them with nutrients
-Transports foetus out of body during parturition
Uterine wall layers
- Endometrium: thickens under progesterone influence
- Myometrium: Made of smooth muscle
- Peritoneum: Outer layer
Cervix functions
-Connects uterus to vagina
-Provides storage and helps survival of sperm by letting it into uterine body when fertilisation is possible
Vagina location and function
-Located between cervix and external urethral orifice
-Receives penis during mating and acts as birth canal during parturition
Vestibule function
-Has muscles that constrict around dog’s penis during copulatory tie.
Vulva function
-External opening of urogenital tract
-Becomes swollen when bitch is in oestrus
-Split into Labia and Clitoris
Suspensory ligament function
attaches ovary to body wall near last rib
Mesovarium
ligament that connects ovary to dorsal abdominal cavity
Ovarian artery function
-provides blood to ovary, uterine tube and uterine horn
Oocyte maturation steps
- Immature oocytes are stored in cortex of ovary
- Cortex produces ova
- Ova develop within a follicle and are released during ovulation.
- After ovulation, the follicle turns into the Corpus Luteum
- If theres no pregnancy, the Corpus Luteum degenerates
-if there is a pregnancy, the Corpus Luteum produces progesterone to support it.
What are cyclic cycles
recurring cycles
What are acyclic cycles
Ovulation is induced by stimuli
Difference between mare repro tract and others
Mare has long uterine body and 2 short uterine horns, Other animals have a short uterine body and 2 long uterine horns
