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Anatomy > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

main job of rep. system

A

continue human species

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2
Q

specialized organs that aid in sexual reproduction

A

gonads

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3
Q

specialized germ cells (sgc)

A

mobile cells that mean gonads have not developed sexual characteristics

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4
Q

how do gonads start out

what are they derived from?

A

mass of cells derived from mesoderm

mesoderm that forms kidneys

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5
Q

when do gonads have the ability to undergo meiosis

A

7 weeks

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6
Q

when do gonads become ovaries or testes

A

before the 10th week

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7
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

developmental differences that distinguish sexes

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8
Q

how do humans express sexual dimorphism

A

through secondary sex characteristics

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9
Q

when do secondary sex characteristics become evident in humans

A

14 weeks

further maturation happens at puberty

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10
Q

what happens to ovaries during/after puberty

A

ovaries release eggs based on hormone fluctuation
they are also capable of supporting fetus

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11
Q

produce, store, transport sperm

during/after puberty

A

testes

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12
Q

what part of the urinary system is connected to the reproductive system

A

urethra

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13
Q

what is the female reproductive system divided into

A

mammary glands and reproductive tract

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14
Q

chain of muscular tubes involved in reproduction

A

reproductive tract

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15
Q

what do the organs of the reproductive tract do

A

produce and transport egg
provide location for sexual reproduction
protect fetus

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16
Q

what is female reproductive tract composed of

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

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17
Q

mammary glands

A

paired accessory organs of female reproductive system

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18
Q

where are internal components of female reproductive tract located

A

bottom of pelvic cavity

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19
Q

uterus (womb)

A

hollow muscular organ where embryo/fetus develop

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20
Q

middle layer of uterus

and description

A

myometrium
thick and innervated by autonomic nerves

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21
Q

inner layer of uterus

and description

A

endometrium
thick mucous, rich in blood vessels

thickening and shedding during menstrual cycle

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22
Q

outer layer of uterus

and description

A

perimetrium
connective tissue covering that attaches laterally to broad ligament

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23
Q

3 regions of uterus

A

uterine fundus, lower urine segment (body), cervix

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24
Q

characteristics of uterine fundis

A

connected to fallopian tubes
upper region of uterus
thicker endometrium/myometrium

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25
Q

characteristics of lower urine segment (body)

A

below fundus
lower third of uterus

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26
Q

characteristics of cervix

A

inferior region
entrance to uterus and protrudes into vagina
blood and lymphatic vessels

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27
Q

what are the ovaries and where are they located

A

pair of oval shaped organs
lateral sides of uterus, below fallopian tube openings

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28
Q

what are the ovaries responsbile for

function

A

egg formation
sex-hormone production

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29
Q

oocytes

A

eggs (ovums) that have not undergone meiosis

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30
Q

what stores eggs (ovums)

A

cortex

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31
Q

what are the ovaries covered in

A

thin epithelium continous with peritoneum of abdominal cavity

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32
Q

fluid filled sacs that immature eggs are stored in

after migrating into cortex

A

ovarian follicles

33
Q

what happens as ovarian follicles mature

A

enlarge and fill with fluid that nourish/protect oocyte

then migrate towards surface of ovary

34
Q

mature ovarian follicle

A

graafian follicle

35
Q

oocyte that reaches further stage of meiosis

A

ovum

36
Q

how is the ovum released from the ovary

A

ovum ruptures out of graafian follicle

then egg enters fallopian tube

37
Q

what produces estrogen

A

ovaries

38
Q

what are androgens

A

hormone secreted by ovaries and adrenal glands

39
Q

what does aromatase do

A

convert androgens to estrogen

40
Q

what does the corpus luteum do

A

makes progesterone

forms in follicle that has released egg

41
Q

what does demolase do

A

produce progesterone from cholesterol molecules

42
Q

fallopian tubes (oviducts)

A

carry egg and sperm to site of fertilization

43
Q

what are the fallopian tubes held by

A

broad ligaments

44
Q

fimbria

A

sweep eggs into fallopian tubes

45
Q

what is the serosa fused to

A

2 sheets of epithelial cells

46
Q

vagina

A

connects uterus to external genetalia

47
Q

what is the purpose of mucous membrane

in vagina

A

lubrication to give birth

48
Q

pH of vagina

A

3.8 to 4.8

49
Q

skenes glands

A

mucous glands at opening of urethra
lubricant for sex

50
Q

bartholins glands (vestibular)

A

mucous producing

51
Q

perineum

A

vaginal opening to anus
diamond

52
Q

external genetalia is called

A

vulva

53
Q

mons

A

pad of tissue covering pelvic bone

54
Q

labia majora

A

mons to perinium
pubic hair and sweat/sebaceous glands

55
Q

labia minora

A

clitoris + clitoris hood
covers and protects vaginal opening

56
Q

clitoris

A

upper region of labia minora
high innervated erectile tissue

57
Q

hymen

A

mucous membrane flap that partially covers vaginal opening

58
Q

what type of tissue are mammary glands

A

glandular tissue

59
Q

how many lobes are mammary glands divided into

A

15-20

60
Q

what duct is milk secreted into

A

lactiferious ducts

61
Q

internal parts of male reproductive system

A

vas deferens, ejaculatory urethra, prostate glands, ducts, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles

62
Q

external parts of male reproductive system

A

phallus, testes, scrotum

63
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes

64
Q

where is sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

65
Q

what produces testosterone

A

leydigs cells

66
Q

large ducts that sperm first move into

A

epididymis

67
Q

where sperm go after epididymis

ductus

A

vas deferens

68
Q

purpose of seminal vesicle

A

produce fluid to nourish sperm
help secrete enzymes, fructose, hormones, lipids and proteins

69
Q

where do ejaculatory ducts empty into

A

urethra

then to prostate gland

70
Q

function of prostate gland

A

secretes mucous like fluid into semen to provide lubrication

71
Q

what is the purpose of cowpers glands

A

clean/neutralize pre-ejaculatory fluid

72
Q

penis (phallus)

A

tube of erectile tissue that serves as passage for semen and urine

73
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

sheath of erectile connective tissue

74
Q

what is the purpose of glans

distal end of corpus spongiosum

A

stop urethra from closing

75
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin

76
Q

corpus cavernosum

A

2 large chambers of erectile tissue

dorsal surface of penis

77
Q

location of large dorsal vein

A

under corpus cavernosum

78
Q

how is an erection achieved

A

blood enters phallus through large dorsal vein and fills the corpus spongiosum and 2 cavernosum chambers

Anatomy (7 decks)

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