Reproductive System

Question 1

main job of rep. system

Answer 1

continue human species

Question 2

specialized organs that aid in sexual reproduction

Answer 2

gonads

Question 3

specialized germ cells (sgc)

Answer 3

mobile cells that mean gonads have not developed sexual characteristics

Question 4

how do gonads start out

what are they derived from?

Answer 4

mass of cells derived from mesoderm

mesoderm that forms kidneys

Question 5

when do gonads have the ability to undergo meiosis

Answer 5

7 weeks

Question 6

when do gonads become ovaries or testes

Answer 6

before the 10th week

Question 7

sexual dimorphism

Answer 7

developmental differences that distinguish sexes

Question 8

how do humans express sexual dimorphism

Answer 8

through secondary sex characteristics

Question 9

when do secondary sex characteristics become evident in humans

Answer 9

14 weeks

further maturation happens at puberty

Question 10

what happens to ovaries during/after puberty

Answer 10

ovaries release eggs based on hormone fluctuation
they are also capable of supporting fetus

Question 11

produce, store, transport sperm

during/after puberty

Answer 11

testes

Question 12

what part of the urinary system is connected to the reproductive system

Answer 12

urethra

Question 13

what is the female reproductive system divided into

Answer 13

mammary glands and reproductive tract

Question 14

chain of muscular tubes involved in reproduction

Answer 14

reproductive tract

Question 15

what do the organs of the reproductive tract do

Answer 15

produce and transport egg
provide location for sexual reproduction
protect fetus

Question 16

what is female reproductive tract composed of

Answer 16

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 17

mammary glands

Answer 17

paired accessory organs of female reproductive system

Question 18

where are internal components of female reproductive tract located

Answer 18

bottom of pelvic cavity

Question 19

uterus (womb)

Answer 19

hollow muscular organ where embryo/fetus develop

Question 20

middle layer of uterus

and description

Answer 20

myometrium
thick and innervated by autonomic nerves

Question 21

inner layer of uterus

and description

Answer 21

endometrium
thick mucous, rich in blood vessels

thickening and shedding during menstrual cycle

Question 22

outer layer of uterus

and description

Answer 22

perimetrium
connective tissue covering that attaches laterally to broad ligament

Question 23

3 regions of uterus

Answer 23

uterine fundus, lower urine segment (body), cervix

Question 24

characteristics of uterine fundis

Answer 24

connected to fallopian tubes
upper region of uterus
thicker endometrium/myometrium

Question 25

characteristics of lower urine segment (body)

Answer 25

below fundus lower third of uterus

Question 26

characteristics of cervix

Answer 26

inferior region entrance to uterus and protrudes into vagina blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 27

what are the ovaries and where are they located

Answer 27

pair of oval shaped organs lateral sides of uterus, below fallopian tube openings

Question 28

what are the ovaries responsbile for | function

Answer 28

egg formation sex-hormone production

Question 29

oocytes

Answer 29

eggs (ovums) that have not undergone meiosis

Question 30

what stores eggs (ovums)

Answer 30

cortex

Question 31

what are the ovaries covered in

Answer 31

thin epithelium continous with peritoneum of abdominal cavity

Question 32

fluid filled sacs that immature eggs are stored in | after migrating into cortex

Answer 32

ovarian follicles

Question 33

what happens as ovarian follicles mature

Answer 33

enlarge and fill with fluid that nourish/protect oocyte | then migrate towards surface of ovary

Question 34

mature ovarian follicle

Answer 34

graafian follicle

Question 35

oocyte that reaches further stage of meiosis

Answer 35

ovum

Question 36

how is the ovum released from the ovary

Answer 36

ovum ruptures out of graafian follicle | then egg enters fallopian tube

Question 37

what produces estrogen

Answer 37

ovaries

Question 38

what are androgens

Answer 38

hormone secreted by ovaries and adrenal glands

Question 39

what does aromatase do

Answer 39

convert androgens to estrogen

Question 40

what does the corpus luteum do

Answer 40

makes progesterone | forms in follicle that has released egg

Question 41

what does demolase do

Answer 41

produce progesterone from cholesterol molecules

Question 42

fallopian tubes (oviducts)

Answer 42

carry egg and sperm to site of fertilization

Question 43

what are the fallopian tubes held by

Answer 43

broad ligaments

Question 44

fimbria

Answer 44

sweep eggs into fallopian tubes

Question 45

what is the serosa fused to

Answer 45

2 sheets of epithelial cells

Question 46

vagina

Answer 46

connects uterus to external genetalia

Question 47

what is the purpose of mucous membrane | in vagina

Answer 47

lubrication to give birth

Question 48

pH of vagina

Answer 48

3.8 to 4.8

Question 49

skenes glands

Answer 49

mucous glands at opening of urethra lubricant for sex

Question 50

bartholins glands (vestibular)

Answer 50

mucous producing

Question 51

perineum

Answer 51

vaginal opening to anus diamond

Question 52

external genetalia is called

Answer 52

vulva

Question 53

mons

Answer 53

pad of tissue covering pelvic bone

Question 54

labia majora

Answer 54

mons to perinium pubic hair and sweat/sebaceous glands

Question 55

labia minora

Answer 55

clitoris + clitoris hood covers and protects vaginal opening

Question 56

clitoris

Answer 56

upper region of labia minora high innervated erectile tissue

Question 57

hymen

Answer 57

mucous membrane flap that partially covers vaginal opening

Question 58

what type of tissue are mammary glands

Answer 58

glandular tissue

Question 59

how many lobes are mammary glands divided into

Answer 59

15-20

Question 60

what duct is milk secreted into

Answer 60

lactiferious ducts

Question 61

internal parts of male reproductive system

Answer 61

vas deferens, ejaculatory urethra, prostate glands, ducts, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles

Question 62

external parts of male reproductive system

Answer 62

phallus, testes, scrotum

Question 63

cryptorchidism

Answer 63

undescended testes

Question 64

where is sperm produced

Answer 64

seminiferous tubules

Question 65

what produces testosterone

Answer 65

leydigs cells

Question 66

large ducts that sperm first move into

Answer 66

epididymis

Question 67

where sperm go after epididymis | ductus

Answer 67

vas deferens

Question 68

purpose of seminal vesicle

Answer 68

produce fluid to nourish sperm help secrete enzymes, fructose, hormones, lipids and proteins

Question 69

where do ejaculatory ducts empty into

Answer 69

urethra | then to prostate gland

Question 70

function of prostate gland

Answer 70

secretes mucous like fluid into semen to provide lubrication

Question 71

what is the purpose of cowpers glands

Answer 71

clean/neutralize pre-ejaculatory fluid

Question 72

penis (phallus)

Answer 72

tube of erectile tissue that serves as passage for semen and urine

Question 73

corpus spongiosum

Answer 73

sheath of erectile connective tissue

Question 74

what is the purpose of glans | distal end of corpus spongiosum

Answer 74

stop urethra from closing

Question 75

prepuce

Answer 75

foreskin

Question 76

corpus cavernosum

Answer 76

2 large chambers of erectile tissue | dorsal surface of penis

Question 77

location of large dorsal vein

Answer 77

under corpus cavernosum

Question 78

how is an erection achieved

Answer 78

blood enters phallus through large dorsal vein and fills the corpus spongiosum and 2 cavernosum chambers