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Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

simple-branched alveolar

A

sebaceous glands

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner region, produces adrenaline

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3
Q

groups of cells that manufacture secretions

A

gland

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4
Q

travel short distances
communicate with nearby cells
usually not twins

A

paracrine secretions

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5
Q

thymulin (thymus)

A

stimulates T cells

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6
Q

agonists

A

chemicals that act like hormones, activates receptor after it binds to it

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7
Q

thyroid

A

anterior to trachea, inferior to larynx,
thyroxine + tetraiodothyronine + triiodothyronine
hypothyroidism and calcitonin

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8
Q

glucocorticosteroids

A

regulate metabolism
inhibit adrenocorticotropin

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9
Q

ligand

A

group of chemicals that attaches to receptors

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10
Q

glucagon

A

signals brain that you aren’t hungry anymore

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11
Q

another name for adrenaline

A

epinephrine

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12
Q

posterior lobe (pituitary)

A

stores and releases hormones from hypothalamus

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13
Q

antagonists

A

chemical that blocks the action of hormones, opposing effects on one another

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14
Q

gonadotropin

A

keep sexual organs working

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15
Q

target cells

A

cells with receptors sensitive to endocrine secretions

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16
Q

receptors

A

special proteins that enable a cell to detect stimuli

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17
Q

adrenal glands

A

superior to kidneys,
adrenaline + cortisol,
increases blood pressure/heartbeat,
two glands fused together (adrenal cortex and medulla),
maintains homeostasis and metabolism,
Addisons and Cushings syndrome

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18
Q

hypothalamus

A

superior to brain stem and pituitary gland
regulates body system
oxytocin + gonadotropin + prolactin
hypogonadism, hypothalamic obesity

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19
Q

thyroxine

A

inactive, energy use

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20
Q

simple alveolar

A

mucous glands

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21
Q

prolactin

A

tell pituitary to start/stop breast milk

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22
Q

internal receptors

A

relies on carrier proteins to transport hormones straight to them

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23
Q

simple-coiled tubular

A

sweat gland

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24
Q

Thymus gland

A

superior to heart, inferior to trachea,
thymosine + thymopoietin + thymulin,
larger in children
thymoma, pure red cell aplasia

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25
Q

insulin

A

lower glucose levels

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26
Q

endocrine cell clusters

A

islets

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27
Q

amylin

A

control appetite level

28
Q

thymopoietin (thymus)

A

affects neuromuscular transmission, early immune regulation

29
Q

pancreas

A

behind stomach,
produces digestive enzymes,
insulin + glucagon + amylin
islets of Langerhans
diabetes and cystic fibrosis

30
Q

anterior lobe (pituitary)

A

makes growth hormones

31
Q

thymosin (thymus)

A

stimulates immune system

32
Q

2 categories of hormones

A

lipids and peptides

33
Q

simple tubular

A

intestinal gland of Lieberkuhn

34
Q

sexual reproductive cells

A

gametes

35
Q

triiodothyronine

A

active and controls metabolism

36
Q

NO ducts

A

endocrine

37
Q

pituitary gland

A

master gland,
base of brain- inferior to hypothalamus,
prolactin + thyroid stimulating hormone + antidiuretic hormone (oxytocin/vasopressin),
anterior and posterior lobe
helps respond to stress by releasing adrenocorticotropic/releases reproductive hormones,
cushings, acromegaly

38
Q

calcitonin

A

lowers calcium levels

39
Q

use ducts to carry secretions, digestive enzymes, lacrimal/sebaceous/sweat

A

exocrine

40
Q

one of hormones produced by adrenal cortex; main hormone is cortisol

A

glucocorticosteroids

41
Q

do not travel
AUTOmatically interact with cells exactly like who produced them

A

autocrine secretions

42
Q

progesterone (ovaries)

A

produce menstrual cycle and induce changes in body during pregnancy

43
Q

mineralcorticosteroids

A

regulates electrolytes and water

44
Q

pancreas/adrenal/hypothalamus/pituitary/thyroid/parathyroid (part of which secretion)

A

endocrine

45
Q

hormones are a category of…

A

ligands

46
Q

(adrenal) cortisol

A

maintain stress levels

47
Q

adrenal cortex produces

A

glucocorticosteroids and mineralcorticosteroids
(known as corticosteroids)

48
Q

lipid hormones

A

made from existing lipids

49
Q

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

A

raises calcium

50
Q

two types of secretions the human body produces

A

endocrine and exocrine

51
Q

parathyroid

A

posterior to thyroid,
parathyroid hormone,
hypoparathyroidism,
hyperparathyroidism,

52
Q

carrier proteins

A

transport hormones that use internal receptors to target cells

53
Q

surface receptors

A

relies on blood or plasma to carry them

54
Q

testosterone

A

male sexual characteristics
sperm maturation
muscle development w/growth

55
Q

simple-branched tubular

A

fundis glands of stomach

56
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer shell, produces cortisol

57
Q

thyroid disease where your thyroid is not producing enough T3 and T4 hormone

A

hypothyroidism

58
Q

characteristics of exocrine glands

A

unicellular, secretory, intraepithelial

59
Q

ovaries

A

superior to bladder
estrogen + progesterone
produces gametes
endometriosis, PCOS

60
Q

pineal gland

A

posterior to thalamus
melanin + seratonin
circadian rhythm
sleep apnea, alzheimers

61
Q

negative feedback

A

signal that inhibits endocrine gland preventing further secretion of a hormone

62
Q

adrenal gland disorder where there is an imbalance of cortisol or aldosterone in body

A

addisons

63
Q

effector

A

any organ cell that reacts to stimulus

64
Q

peptide hormones (proteins)

A

biological molecules composed of amino acid chains, responsible for rapid changes in body

65
Q

testes

A

produces sperm
testosterone + aldosterone
produces gametes
testicular torsion, testicular cancer

66
Q

adrenocorticotropin

A

stimulate adrenal glands to produce cortisol
ANTERIOR pituitary

Anatomy (7 decks)

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