Endocrine System Flashcards by Frizz Monster

simple-branched alveolar

sebaceous glands

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adrenal medulla

inner region, produces adrenaline

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groups of cells that manufacture secretions

gland

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travel short distances
communicate with nearby cells
usually not twins

paracrine secretions

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thymulin (thymus)

stimulates T cells

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agonists

chemicals that act like hormones, activates receptor after it binds to it

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thyroid

anterior to trachea, inferior to larynx,
thyroxine + tetraiodothyronine + triiodothyronine
hypothyroidism and calcitonin

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glucocorticosteroids

regulate metabolism
inhibit adrenocorticotropin

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ligand

group of chemicals that attaches to receptors

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glucagon

signals brain that you aren’t hungry anymore

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another name for adrenaline

epinephrine

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posterior lobe (pituitary)

stores and releases hormones from hypothalamus

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antagonists

chemical that blocks the action of hormones, opposing effects on one another

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gonadotropin

keep sexual organs working

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target cells

cells with receptors sensitive to endocrine secretions

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receptors

special proteins that enable a cell to detect stimuli

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adrenal glands

superior to kidneys,
adrenaline + cortisol,
increases blood pressure/heartbeat,
two glands fused together (adrenal cortex and medulla),
maintains homeostasis and metabolism,
Addisons and Cushings syndrome

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hypothalamus

superior to brain stem and pituitary gland
regulates body system
oxytocin + gonadotropin + prolactin
hypogonadism, hypothalamic obesity

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thyroxine

inactive, energy use

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simple alveolar

mucous glands

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prolactin

tell pituitary to start/stop breast milk

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internal receptors

relies on carrier proteins to transport hormones straight to them

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simple-coiled tubular

sweat gland

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Thymus gland

superior to heart, inferior to trachea,
thymosine + thymopoietin + thymulin,
larger in children
thymoma, pure red cell aplasia

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insulin

lower glucose levels

endocrine cell clusters

islets

amylin

control appetite level

thymopoietin (thymus)

affects neuromuscular transmission, early immune regulation

pancreas

behind stomach, produces digestive enzymes, insulin + glucagon + amylin islets of Langerhans diabetes and cystic fibrosis

anterior lobe (pituitary)

makes growth hormones

thymosin (thymus)

stimulates immune system

2 categories of hormones

lipids and peptides

simple tubular

intestinal gland of Lieberkuhn

sexual reproductive cells

gametes

triiodothyronine

active and controls metabolism

NO ducts

endocrine

pituitary gland

master gland, base of brain- inferior to hypothalamus, prolactin + thyroid stimulating hormone + antidiuretic hormone (oxytocin/vasopressin), anterior and posterior lobe helps respond to stress by releasing adrenocorticotropic/releases reproductive hormones, cushings, acromegaly

calcitonin

lowers calcium levels

use ducts to carry secretions, digestive enzymes, lacrimal/sebaceous/sweat

exocrine

one of hormones produced by adrenal cortex; main hormone is cortisol

glucocorticosteroids

do not travel AUTOmatically interact with cells exactly like who produced them

autocrine secretions

progesterone (ovaries)

produce menstrual cycle and induce changes in body during pregnancy

mineralcorticosteroids

regulates electrolytes and water

pancreas/adrenal/hypothalamus/pituitary/thyroid/parathyroid (part of which secretion)

endocrine

hormones are a category of...

ligands

(adrenal) cortisol

maintain stress levels

adrenal cortex produces

glucocorticosteroids and mineralcorticosteroids (known as corticosteroids)

lipid hormones

made from existing lipids

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

raises calcium

two types of secretions the human body produces

endocrine and exocrine

parathyroid

posterior to thyroid, parathyroid hormone, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism,

carrier proteins

transport hormones that use internal receptors to target cells

surface receptors

relies on blood or plasma to carry them

testosterone

male sexual characteristics sperm maturation muscle development w/growth

simple-branched tubular

fundis glands of stomach

adrenal cortex

outer shell, produces cortisol

thyroid disease where your thyroid is not producing enough T3 and T4 hormone

hypothyroidism

characteristics of exocrine glands

unicellular, secretory, intraepithelial

ovaries

superior to bladder estrogen + progesterone produces gametes endometriosis, PCOS

pineal gland

posterior to thalamus melanin + seratonin circadian rhythm sleep apnea, alzheimers

negative feedback

signal that inhibits endocrine gland preventing further secretion of a hormone

adrenal gland disorder where there is an imbalance of cortisol or aldosterone in body

addisons

effector

any organ cell that reacts to stimulus

peptide hormones (proteins)

biological molecules composed of amino acid chains, responsible for rapid changes in body

testes

produces sperm testosterone + aldosterone produces gametes testicular torsion, testicular cancer

adrenocorticotropin

stimulate adrenal glands to produce cortisol ANTERIOR pituitary