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Anatomy > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system is also known as the

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

What is the function of blood vessels

A

Circulate blood

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3
Q

Blood pressure-

definition

A

The force of blood pushing against vessel walls

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4
Q

Pulse-

definition

A

The throbbing of blood vessels produced by heartbeat

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5
Q

Vascularization-

definition

A

term used to describe development and growth of blood vessels

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6
Q

Angiogenic factors-

definition + difference from vascularization

A

chemicals that promote vascularization, describes FORMATION of blood vessels

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7
Q

When does the heart take on characteristics of an adult heart

embryonic heart is different from adult heart

A

birth

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8
Q

3 major blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, veins

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9
Q

Which way do arteries carry blood

relative to the heart

A

away from the heart

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10
Q

Where does the arteries carry blood

Oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

from heart to lungs to become oxygenated

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11
Q

What are the 3 tissue layers

of arteries + veins

A

tunica adventitia (outer), tunica media (middle), tunca intima (inner)

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12
Q

major conduit for moving blood

one of the 3 major blood vessels

A

Arteries

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13
Q

Biggest artery

A

aorta

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14
Q

thick wall + narrow lumen

A

arteries

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15
Q

blood flow = HIGH pressure + NO valves

A

arteries

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16
Q

smaller vessels within arteries + connect to capillaries

A

arterioles

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17
Q

1 cell thick + narrow lumen

A

capillaries

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18
Q

blood flow = LOW pressure + NO valves

A

capillaries

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19
Q

tiny exchange center located between veins + arteries

A

capillaries

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20
Q

major role of capillaries

A

control hydrostatic pressure of body tissues

hydrostatic pressure = fluid levels

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21
Q

carries out certain functions associated with lymphatic vessels

which of the 3 major blood vessels

A

capillaries

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22
Q

lymphatic vessels

definiton

A

thin vessels that carry lymph fluid

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23
Q

which major blood vessel contains valves

A

veins

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24
Q

thin walls + wide lumen

A

veins

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25
Q

which major blood vessel is located superficially on skin

A

veins

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26
Q

In what direction does veins carry blood

oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

carries blood from body to heart, transports deoxygenated blood

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27
Q

Blood flow = LOW pressure + valves

A

veins

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28
Q

smaller vessels that veins branch into

and they connect to?

A

venules

connect to capillaries

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29
Q

What is the purpose of valves

A

ensure no backflow of blood

slow moving + goes in 1 direction

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30
Q

Constriction/vasoconstriction-

definiton

A

narrowing of diameter of blood vessel

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31
Q

tough, fibrous tissue
contains fibroblasts
thick, outer layer of arteries and veins

which of 3 layers

A

tunica adventitia

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32
Q

Fibers provide _
Elastin is _

A

strength, flexibility fibers

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33
Q

What is the purpose of fibroblasts

A

healing

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34
Q

smooth tissue
middle layer in arteries and veins

A

tunica media

elastin and collagen

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35
Q

provides endothelium for lumen
simple, squamous, endothelial + epithelial

inner layer of arteries and veins

A

tunica intima

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36
Q

what is endothelium

A

smooth lining

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37
Q

what is the lumen

A

central cavity

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38
Q

What branches out of the arteries

A

arterioles

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39
Q

function of arterioles

A

controlling blood flow to organs and tissues

through constriction/dilation

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40
Q

what do venules do

A

recieve blood from capillaries through microcirculation

41
Q

what are capillaries composed of

A

endothelial cells

small (one), larger ones (two or three)

42
Q

NO tunica adventitia or smooth muscle

A

capillaries

43
Q

continous

method of blood travel in capillaries

A

small solutes allowed
most common
limits passing material

44
Q

fenestrated

A

digestive, endocrine, + urinary
O2 + CO2
more permeable

= openings

45
Q

Where does the left side of the heart send blood?

what is this system called

A

Everywhere EXCEPT lungs

Systemic circulation

46
Q

Where does the right side send blood?

what is this system called

A

pumps blood through lungs

pulmonary circulation

47
Q

where is the heart located

A

between the lungs; mediastinum

48
Q

How is the heart separated by lungs

what is it separated by

A

pericardium

49
Q

filled with serous fluid

A

pericardium

50
Q

what are the 3 layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous, serous, epicardium

51
Q

purpose of fibrous layer

layer of pericardium

A

outer layer, protects, anchors

52
Q

function of serous layer

layer of pericardium

A

inner layer, prevents friction, visceral + pericardial cavity

53
Q

layer next to fibrous pericardium

A

parietal layer

54
Q

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

55
Q

outer layer of heart
formed by visceral layer

A

epicardium

56
Q

myocardium

characteristics

A

thick sheets on outer surface of heart
fatty connective tissue in area

57
Q

what is the endocardium

A

smooth lining of epithelium

58
Q

coronary arteries-

A

system of vessels that carry blood to myocardium

59
Q

coronary veins-

A

connect blood from heart muscles

60
Q

cardiac infarction-

like heart attack

A

death of cardiac muscles after prolonged/repeated periods of diminished blood flow

61
Q

cardiac ischemia

A

malfunction of cardiac muscle due to lack of oxygen

can lead to infarction

62
Q

what part of the heart works hardest to pump blood

becomes larger in muscle mass

A

lower portion of left side

63
Q

vasculature-

A

network of blood vessels

64
Q

thick muscular wall that separates chambers

A

septum

65
Q

left and right pumping systems

of heart

A

chambers

66
Q

thin chamber on superior surface of heart

A

atrium

67
Q

thick muscular chamber below atrium

A

ventricles

68
Q

how much does the average adult heart weigh

A

7-10 oz

69
Q

what percentage of the body is blood

A

7%

70
Q

what are the atrioventricular nodes

separate upper and lower chambers

A

mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid

71
Q

five major vessels that direct blood flow in heart chambers

A

superior + inferior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein

72
Q

how is blood from the right ventricle passed to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

pulmonary valve first

73
Q

another name for pulmonary valve

A

right semilunar valve

74
Q

electrical conduction system-

A

specialized cardiac cells that act like mini nervous system

75
Q

what is the electrical conduction system composed of

A

sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
bundle of his
purkinje system

76
Q

function of sa node

and location

A

pacemaker for heart
located in right atrium
determines heart rate

77
Q

function of av node

A

contraction of ventricles
recieves signal from sa node to stimulate bundle of his and purkinje to contract ventricles

78
Q

function of bundle of his

apart of (location)

A

receive nerve impulses from av node
superior interventricular system

79
Q

purkinje system-

A

specialized muscle cells that stimulate ventricle contraction

80
Q

what part of the nervous system regulates heart rate

and with which nerve

A

autonomic nervous system
vagus nerve

81
Q

sympathetic nerve endings innervate which muscles

A

atria, ventricles, av node, sa node

82
Q

how does the fetal heart begin

A

large blood vessel that folds in on itself

folding initates two halves of heart

83
Q

two structures of fetal heart that help adapt to conditions in mother

A

foramen ovale
ductus arteriosis

84
Q

function of ductus arteriosis

A

diverts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta; keeps large amount of blood out of capillaries of lungs

fetus does not use lungs

85
Q

function of foramen ovale

A

directs blood flow from right atrium to left atrium; reduces blood flow to lungs

86
Q

blood pathway of fetus

A

30% of blood from right atrium to left atrium (foramen ovale), left ventricle to aorta, ductus arteriosis and diverted to aorta, blood returns to heart through vena cava

87
Q

flap like opening within septum between atria

in fetus

A

foramen ovale

88
Q

what can physicians see during ultrasound

A

shape of heart, chambers, conditions of valves

89
Q

baroreceptors-

A

nerves that respond to pressure

90
Q

cardiac cycle-

A

contraction and relaxation in one complete sequence

91
Q

which node has built in excitation pattern that stimulates cardiac cycle

A

sa node

92
Q

2 stages of heart function + definition

A

diastole= ventricles fill w blood
systole= contraction of ventricles and discharge of blood

93
Q

heart rate-

A

number of ventricular contractions per minute

94
Q

stroke volume-

A

amount of blood pumped by ventricle in one cardiac cycle

95
Q

how to find cardiac output

A

stroke volume x heartrate

96
Q

cardiac cycle sequence

what order

A

atrial depolarization, isovolumetric contraction, rapid ejection, reduced ejection, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular filling

97
Q

electrocardiography-

A

procedure that measures impulses discharged every cardiac cycle

98
Q
A

Anatomy (7 decks)

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