cardiovascular system

Question 1

The cardiovascular system is also known as the

Answer 1

Circulatory system

Question 2

What is the function of blood vessels

Answer 2

Circulate blood

Question 3

Blood pressure-

definition

Answer 3

The force of blood pushing against vessel walls

Question 4

Pulse-

definition

Answer 4

The throbbing of blood vessels produced by heartbeat

Question 5

Vascularization-

definition

Answer 5

term used to describe development and growth of blood vessels

Question 6

Angiogenic factors-

definition + difference from vascularization

Answer 6

chemicals that promote vascularization, describes FORMATION of blood vessels

Question 7

When does the heart take on characteristics of an adult heart

embryonic heart is different from adult heart

Answer 7

birth

Question 8

3 major blood vessels

Answer 8

arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 9

Which way do arteries carry blood

relative to the heart

Answer 9

away from the heart

Question 10

Where does the arteries carry blood

Oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 10

from heart to lungs to become oxygenated

Question 11

What are the 3 tissue layers

of arteries + veins

Answer 11

tunica adventitia (outer), tunica media (middle), tunca intima (inner)

Question 12

major conduit for moving blood

one of the 3 major blood vessels

Answer 12

Arteries

Question 13

Biggest artery

Answer 13

aorta

Question 14

thick wall + narrow lumen

Answer 14

arteries

Question 15

blood flow = HIGH pressure + NO valves

Answer 15

arteries

Question 16

smaller vessels within arteries + connect to capillaries

Answer 16

arterioles

Question 17

1 cell thick + narrow lumen

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

blood flow = LOW pressure + NO valves

Answer 18

capillaries

Question 19

tiny exchange center located between veins + arteries

Answer 19

capillaries

Question 20

major role of capillaries

Answer 20

control hydrostatic pressure of body tissues

hydrostatic pressure = fluid levels

Question 21

carries out certain functions associated with lymphatic vessels

which of the 3 major blood vessels

Answer 21

capillaries

Question 22

lymphatic vessels

definiton

Answer 22

thin vessels that carry lymph fluid

Question 23

which major blood vessel contains valves

Answer 23

veins

Question 24

thin walls + wide lumen

Answer 24

veins

Question 25

which major blood vessel is located superficially on skin

Answer 25

veins

Question 26

In what direction does veins carry blood | oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 26

carries blood from body to heart, transports deoxygenated blood

Question 27

Blood flow = LOW pressure + valves

Answer 27

veins

Question 28

smaller vessels that veins branch into | and they connect to?

Answer 28

venules | connect to capillaries

Question 29

What is the purpose of valves

Answer 29

ensure no backflow of blood | slow moving + goes in 1 direction

Question 30

Constriction/vasoconstriction- | definiton

Answer 30

narrowing of diameter of blood vessel

Question 31

tough, fibrous tissue contains fibroblasts thick, outer layer of arteries and veins | which of 3 layers

Answer 31

tunica adventitia

Question 32

Fibers provide _ Elastin is _

Answer 32

strength, flexibility fibers

Question 33

What is the purpose of fibroblasts

Answer 33

healing

Question 34

smooth tissue middle layer in arteries and veins

Answer 34

tunica media | elastin and collagen

Question 35

provides endothelium for lumen simple, squamous, endothelial + epithelial | inner layer of arteries and veins

Answer 35

tunica intima

Question 36

what is endothelium

Answer 36

smooth lining

Question 37

what is the lumen

Answer 37

central cavity

Question 38

What branches out of the arteries

Answer 38

arterioles

Question 39

function of arterioles

Answer 39

controlling blood flow to organs and tissues | through constriction/dilation

Question 40

what do venules do

Answer 40

recieve blood from capillaries through microcirculation

Question 41

what are capillaries composed of

Answer 41

endothelial cells | small (one), larger ones (two or three)

Question 42

NO tunica adventitia or smooth muscle

Answer 42

capillaries

Question 43

continous | method of blood travel in capillaries

Answer 43

small solutes allowed most common limits passing material

Question 44

fenestrated

Answer 44

digestive, endocrine, + urinary O2 + CO2 more permeable | = openings

Question 45

Where does the left side of the heart send blood? | what is this system called

Answer 45

Everywhere EXCEPT lungs | Systemic circulation

Question 46

Where does the right side send blood? | what is this system called

Answer 46

pumps blood through lungs | pulmonary circulation

Question 47

where is the heart located

Answer 47

between the lungs; mediastinum

Question 48

How is the heart separated by lungs | what is it separated by

Answer 48

pericardium

Question 49

filled with serous fluid

Answer 49

pericardium

Question 50

what are the 3 layers of the pericardium

Answer 50

fibrous, serous, epicardium

Question 51

purpose of fibrous layer | layer of pericardium

Answer 51

outer layer, protects, anchors

Question 52

function of serous layer | layer of pericardium

Answer 52

inner layer, prevents friction, visceral + pericardial cavity

Question 53

layer next to fibrous pericardium

Answer 53

parietal layer

Question 54

three layers of the heart

Answer 54

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 55

outer layer of heart formed by visceral layer

Answer 55

epicardium

Question 56

myocardium | characteristics

Answer 56

thick sheets on outer surface of heart fatty connective tissue in area

Question 57

what is the endocardium

Answer 57

smooth lining of epithelium

Question 58

coronary arteries-

Answer 58

system of vessels that carry blood to myocardium

Question 59

coronary veins-

Answer 59

connect blood from heart muscles

Question 60

cardiac infarction- | like heart attack

Answer 60

death of cardiac muscles after prolonged/repeated periods of diminished blood flow

Question 61

cardiac ischemia

Answer 61

malfunction of cardiac muscle due to lack of oxygen | can lead to infarction

Question 62

what part of the heart works hardest to pump blood | becomes larger in muscle mass

Answer 62

lower portion of left side

Question 63

vasculature-

Answer 63

network of blood vessels

Question 64

thick muscular wall that separates chambers

Answer 64

septum

Question 65

left and right pumping systems | of heart

Answer 65

chambers

Question 66

thin chamber on superior surface of heart

Answer 66

atrium

Question 67

thick muscular chamber below atrium

Answer 67

ventricles

Question 68

how much does the average adult heart weigh

Answer 68

7-10 oz

Question 69

what percentage of the body is blood

Answer 69

7%

Question 70

what are the atrioventricular nodes | separate upper and lower chambers

Answer 70

mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid

Question 71

five major vessels that direct blood flow in heart chambers

Answer 71

superior + inferior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein

Question 72

how is blood from the right ventricle passed to the lungs

Answer 72

pulmonary artery | pulmonary valve first

Question 73

another name for pulmonary valve

Answer 73

right semilunar valve

Question 74

electrical conduction system-

Answer 74

specialized cardiac cells that act like mini nervous system

Question 75

what is the electrical conduction system composed of

Answer 75

sinoatrial node atrioventricular node bundle of his purkinje system

Question 76

function of sa node | and location

Answer 76

pacemaker for heart located in right atrium determines heart rate

Question 77

function of av node

Answer 77

contraction of ventricles recieves signal from sa node to stimulate bundle of his and purkinje to contract ventricles

Question 78

function of bundle of his | apart of (location)

Answer 78

receive nerve impulses from av node superior interventricular system

Question 79

purkinje system-

Answer 79

specialized muscle cells that stimulate ventricle contraction

Question 80

what part of the nervous system regulates heart rate | and with which nerve

Answer 80

autonomic nervous system vagus nerve

Question 81

sympathetic nerve endings innervate which muscles

Answer 81

atria, ventricles, av node, sa node

Question 82

how does the fetal heart begin

Answer 82

large blood vessel that folds in on itself | folding initates two halves of heart

Question 83

two structures of fetal heart that help adapt to conditions in mother

Answer 83

foramen ovale ductus arteriosis

Question 84

function of ductus arteriosis

Answer 84

diverts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta; keeps large amount of blood out of capillaries of lungs | fetus does not use lungs

Question 85

function of foramen ovale

Answer 85

directs blood flow from right atrium to left atrium; reduces blood flow to lungs

Question 86

blood pathway of fetus

Answer 86

30% of blood from right atrium to left atrium (foramen ovale), left ventricle to aorta, ductus arteriosis and diverted to aorta, blood returns to heart through vena cava

Question 87

flap like opening within septum between atria | in fetus

Answer 87

foramen ovale

Question 88

what can physicians see during ultrasound

Answer 88

shape of heart, chambers, conditions of valves

Question 89

baroreceptors-

Answer 89

nerves that respond to pressure

Question 90

cardiac cycle-

Answer 90

contraction and relaxation in one complete sequence

Question 91

which node has built in excitation pattern that stimulates cardiac cycle

Answer 91

sa node

Question 92

2 stages of heart function + definition

Answer 92

diastole= ventricles fill w blood systole= contraction of ventricles and discharge of blood

Question 93

heart rate-

Answer 93

number of ventricular contractions per minute

Question 94

stroke volume-

Answer 94

amount of blood pumped by ventricle in one cardiac cycle

Question 95

how to find cardiac output

Answer 95

stroke volume x heartrate

Question 96

cardiac cycle sequence | what order

Answer 96

atrial depolarization, isovolumetric contraction, rapid ejection, reduced ejection, isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular filling

Question 97

electrocardiography-

Answer 97

procedure that measures impulses discharged every cardiac cycle