Reproductive System Flashcards
what does the reproductive system do?
-produce, store, and transport gametes
-produces hormones
-produces secretions that support gametes
where are the testes located?
within the scrotum (skin + CT)
what are the 2 tunics surrounding the testes?
-tunica vaginalis
~outer serous membrane
~derived from peritoneum
-tunica albuginea
~inner fibrous CT capsule
~extends inward to divided testis into lobules
what does a lobule contain
seminiferous tubules, leydig cells (interstitial cells)
where are leydig cells and what do they secrete?
in CT between seminiferous tubules, and they secrete testosterone
what do seminiferous tubules produce and form?
they produce sperm, and the tubules unite to form rete testis (rete=network)
what do the walls of seminiferous tubules contain?
germ cells in various stages of development, and sertoli cells (sustentocytes)
what are the many functions of sertoli cell?
-surround developing gametes
-extend from basement membrane to lumen
-support and nourish germ cells
-have tight junctions - form blood-testis barrier
~protects sperm from immune system, toxins, drugs, etc
-produce testicular fluid
~for transport in lumen
-respond to follicle stimulating hormone
what are the ducts of the male reproductive system?
epididymis, vas (ductus) deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
where do you find the ducts of the male reproductive system?
in between seminiferous tubules and rete testis
where is the epididymis duct located and what does it do?
posterior border of testis, and it produces sperm and matures sperms (develop ability to swim)
where is the vas deferens located
enters pelvic cavity, then loops over posterior bladder
what does the spermatic cord contain?
vas deferens, nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, muscle
what is a vasectomy
vas deferens cut and tied off
how is the ejaculatory duct formed?
formed by union of vas deferens + duct from seminal vesicle
what are the 3 regions of the urethra and where are they located?
-prostatic~ through prostate
-membranous~ through urogenital diaphragm
-penile (spongy)~ through corpus spongiosum of penis, opens at the glans penis
whats are the 3 parts of the penis?
root, body (shaft), glans penis (enlarged tip)
what are the 3 bodies of erectile tissue- (blood sinuses bound by CT)?
-2 corpora cavernosa (dorsal portion of root and shaft)
-1 corpus spongiosum (the glans and the midventral portion of root + shaft surrounding urethra)
accessory glands hold majority of..?
95% semen
what are the 3 accessory gland and how many of them are there?
-seminal vesicles (2)
-prostate gland (1)
-bulbourethral (cowpers gland) (2)
where are seminal vesicles located, and what do they do?
posterior to bladder, and they secrete alkaline fluid + contains fructose to nourish sperm, about 60% of semen stored here
where is the prostate gland located and what does it do?
inferior to bladder and encircles prostatic urethra, secretes milky alkaline fluid- nourishes sperm, about 30% of semen stored here
where are the bulbourethral glands located and what do they do?
below prostate in urogenital diaphragm (in contact with external urethral sphincter), secretes thick alkaline mucus- helps neutralize acidic urine in urethra, lubricates,
about 5% of semen stored here
