Reproductive System

Question 1

what does the reproductive system do?

Answer 1

-produce, store, and transport gametes
-produces hormones
-produces secretions that support gametes

Question 2

where are the testes located?

Answer 2

within the scrotum (skin + CT)

Question 3

what are the 2 tunics surrounding the testes?

Answer 3

-tunica vaginalis
~outer serous membrane
~derived from peritoneum

-tunica albuginea
~inner fibrous CT capsule
~extends inward to divided testis into lobules

Question 4

what does a lobule contain

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules, leydig cells (interstitial cells)

Question 5

where are leydig cells and what do they secrete?

Answer 5

in CT between seminiferous tubules, and they secrete testosterone

Question 6

what do seminiferous tubules produce and form?

Answer 6

they produce sperm, and the tubules unite to form rete testis (rete=network)

Question 7

what do the walls of seminiferous tubules contain?

Answer 7

germ cells in various stages of development, and sertoli cells (sustentocytes)

Question 8

what are the many functions of sertoli cell?

Answer 8

-surround developing gametes
-extend from basement membrane to lumen
-support and nourish germ cells
-have tight junctions - form blood-testis barrier
~protects sperm from immune system, toxins, drugs, etc
-produce testicular fluid
~for transport in lumen
-respond to follicle stimulating hormone

Question 9

what are the ducts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 9

epididymis, vas (ductus) deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Question 10

where do you find the ducts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 10

in between seminiferous tubules and rete testis

Question 11

where is the epididymis duct located and what does it do?

Answer 11

posterior border of testis, and it produces sperm and matures sperms (develop ability to swim)

Question 12

where is the vas deferens located

Answer 12

enters pelvic cavity, then loops over posterior bladder

Question 13

what does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 13

vas deferens, nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, muscle

Question 14

what is a vasectomy

Answer 14

vas deferens cut and tied off

Question 15

how is the ejaculatory duct formed?

Answer 15

formed by union of vas deferens + duct from seminal vesicle

Question 16

what are the 3 regions of the urethra and where are they located?

Answer 16

-prostatic~ through prostate
-membranous~ through urogenital diaphragm
-penile (spongy)~ through corpus spongiosum of penis, opens at the glans penis

Question 17

whats are the 3 parts of the penis?

Answer 17

root, body (shaft), glans penis (enlarged tip)

Question 18

what are the 3 bodies of erectile tissue- (blood sinuses bound by CT)?

Answer 18

-2 corpora cavernosa (dorsal portion of root and shaft)
-1 corpus spongiosum (the glans and the midventral portion of root + shaft surrounding urethra)

Question 19

accessory glands hold majority of..?

Answer 19

95% semen

Question 20

what are the 3 accessory gland and how many of them are there?

Answer 20

-seminal vesicles (2)
-prostate gland (1)
-bulbourethral (cowpers gland) (2)

Question 21

where are seminal vesicles located, and what do they do?

Answer 21

posterior to bladder, and they secrete alkaline fluid + contains fructose to nourish sperm, about 60% of semen stored here

Question 22

where is the prostate gland located and what does it do?

Answer 22

inferior to bladder and encircles prostatic urethra, secretes milky alkaline fluid- nourishes sperm, about 30% of semen stored here

Question 23

where are the bulbourethral glands located and what do they do?

Answer 23

below prostate in urogenital diaphragm (in contact with external urethral sphincter), secretes thick alkaline mucus- helps neutralize acidic urine in urethra, lubricates,
about 5% of semen stored here