Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the primary sex organs and the accessory reproductive organs?
Primary:
- Testes
Secondary:
- Ducts, glands, and external genitalia
Where is sperm produced in?
In the seminiferous tubules:
Thick, stratified epithelium surrounding central fluid containing lumen
What type of cells surround each seminiferous tubule?
Myoid cells
What does semen contain?
A milky white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions.
- Contains fructose for ATP production
- Alkaline fluid neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina and enhances motility
Male orgasm/ejaculation are quickly followed by______?
Resolution/relaxation
What does the activation of parasympathetic neurons caused by endothelial cells of arterioles release?
Nitric oxide
What does the release of nitric oxide cause?
Relaxes smooth muscle in the walls of the arterioles of the penis and in the erectile tissue to dialate
What are ovaries and what do they do?
Female gonads, primary sex organ
- Produce female gametes
- Secrete estrogen and progestrerone
What are the internal genitalia of female sex organ?
Located in pelvic cavity
- Ovaries and duct system; uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
What does female external genitalia (vulva/pudendum) include?
- Mons pubis
- Labia majora
- Labia minora
- Vestubule
Greater vestibular glands in female is homologous to _______?
Bulbo-urethral glands
What are ovarian follicles?
Tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex
What are the stages of follicles?
- Primordial
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary/vesicular/antral
What is ovulation?
- Ejection of oocyte from ripening follicle
- Corpus luteum develops from ruptured follicle after ovulation
What are the two layers of endometrium (strata)?
- Stratum functionalis: changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles. Shed during menstration
- Stratum basalis: Forms new stratum functionalis after menstruation. Unresponsive to ovarian hormones
What is oogenesis?
Prodution of female game which starts in fetal period
When does meiosis stop in primary oocytes?
In late prophase I
- Resumes only years later for some of them after puberty
When does meiosis stop in secondary oocytes?
In metaphase II
- Only completed if fertilization occurs
How long is an ovarian cycle?
28 days
How many phases are in an ovarian cycle?
Two consecutive phases
- Ovulation occurring midcycle between phases
What causes ovary wall to rupture?
Rising levels of LH
What does corpus luteum secrete in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
Progesterone and some estrogen
What happens in the days 1-5 menstrual phase?
- Stratum functionalis detaches from uterine wal and is shed
- By day 5, growing ovarian follicales start to prodduce more estrogen
What happens in the days 6-14 proliferative (preovulatory) phase?
- Rising estrogen levels prompt generation of new stratum functionlis layer
- Ovulation occures at end of proliferative phase on day 14
What happens in the days 15-28 secretory (postovulatory) phase?
- Endometrium prepares for embryo to implant
Rising progesterone levels from corpus luteum prompt:
- Functional layer to become a secretory mucosa
- Endometrial glands to enlarge and secrete nutrients into uterine cavity
