REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
begins at the moment of conception and continues through life
REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT
the body organ that produces cells for reproduction (ovary in female, testis in males)
Gonad
mesonephric(wolfian) and paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts are formed
5 weeks of IUL
in chromosomal males, gonadal tissue begins formation of testosterone.
Mesonephric Ducts develops into male reproductive organ and the
Paramesonephric Duct regresses
7-8 weeks
if testosterone is not present, paramesonephric duct becomes dominant and develops to female reproductive organs. Formed Ovaries produces oocytes (the cells that will develop into eggs throughout the woman’s mature years
10 weeks
external genitals begins to develop
12 Weeks
if testosterone is halted during 12 weeks, male could be born with femaleappearing genitalia. This is termed AS
AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA
is the stage of life at which secondary sex changes begins.
PUBERTY
• Responsible for muscle development, physical growth,
• Increase in sebaceous gland that causes acne to adolescents
Androgen Hormone
Influences the development of the uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina
Breast development
Role of Estrogen
losing of growth plates in long bone termed as
Adrenarche
the beginning of breast development usually 1 to 2 years before menstruation
Thelarche
• Rugated, skin-covered muscular pouched
• Support the testes
Scrotum
Two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide
Testes
• Consist of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue in the shaft
• Urethra passes serves as outlet for urinary and reproductive tracts
Penis
• Tightly coiled tube approx. 20 ft.
• Responsible for conducting sperm from the tubule to the vas deferens
Epididymis
• Also referred to as spermatic cord
• Hollow tube surrounded by areteries and veins
Vas Deferens(Ductus Deferens)
to protect the junction of the pubic bone (symphysis) from trauma.
Mons veneris
two folds of adipose tissue covered by loose connective tissue and epithelium
that are positioned lateral to the labia minora.
• fused anteriorly but separated posteriorly.
Labia majora
• posterior to the mons veneris spread two hairless pink folds of connective tissue
• the internal surface is covered with mucous membrane
• the external surface is covered with skin.
Labia minora
the flattened, smooth surface inside the
labia.
• The openings to the bladder (the
urethra) and the uterus (the vagina)
both arise from the vestibule.
Vestibule
a small (approximately 1 to 2
cm), rounded organ of erectile tissue at
the forward junction of the labia minora. It
is covered by a fold of skin, the
prepuce.
Clitoris
thin membrane at opening of vagina
Hymen
This is the situation where the
hymen does completely cover the opening to the vagina. This condition usually goes undiagnosed until a girl enters puberty and her first period and the blood cannot flow out.
Imperforate Hymen
This is when one hymen is split into two
openings over the vagina. This condition also does not stop menstrual blood flow, but can block the use of tampons in virginal females.
Septate Hymen
the hymen almost completely closes
off the vaginal opening. Menstrual blood is able-to flow out, but a virginal female may not be able to use tampons
Microperforate Hymen
opening of urethra
Urinary meatus
The function is to produce, mature, and
discharge ova (the egg cells).
located close to and on both sides of the
uterus in the lower abdomen
Ovaries
approximately 10 cm long in a mature woman.
a smooth, hollow tunnel
Function:
To convey the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus and to provide a place forfertilization of the ovum by sperm.
Fallopian Tubes
Upper portion above brim, supportive structure for uterus during last half of pregnancy
False pelvis
below brim; pelvic inlet, midplane, pelvic outlet. Fetus passes through during birth
True pelvis
• Inlet is round
• Wide
• This is the typical FEMALE PELVIS
• Most favorable for normal spontaneous delivery
Gynecoid Pelvis
• Wide
• HEART-SHAPED
• This is the typical MALE PELVIS
Android Pelvis
• Wide
• Narrow
• This is the typical APE PELVIS
Anthropoid Pelvis
• Opposite of Anthropoid Pelvis
• Wide
• Narrow
Platypelloid Pelvis
A conjugate that CANNOT BE MEASURED CLINICALLY
Distance from posterior surface of symphysis pubis up to the most prominent
portion of sacral promontory
o Subtract 1.5 – 2.0 cm from diagonal conjugate
o Therefore, Obstetric Conjugate (OC) is equal to Diagonal Conjugate (DC) minus 1.5 to
2.0 centimeters.
o In equation form:
OC = DC – 1.5 or 2.0 cm
Obstetric Conjugate
• Distance from anterior surface of symphysis pubis and the inferior margin of symphysis pubis up
to the most prominent area of the sacrum
• Only conjugate that can be measured clinically
• Normal value is 11.5 cm to 12.5 cm. or greater is adequate size, evaluated by examiner
Diagonal Conjugate
