Reproductive System Flashcards
physical maturity is achieved around
17 yrs of age
geriatric maternal age
35+
adolescence
13-19 yrs
4 C’s
what do you CALL this problem?
what do you feel CAUSED this problem?
how do you COPE?
what are your CONCERNS?
climacteric
perimenopause
transition phase during which ovarian function and hormone production decrease
lasts around 4 yrs
symptoms: atrophic dry vagina, period irregularity, hot flashes, night sweats
menopause
dated with certainty only one year after menstruation ceases
averages at 51 yrs
increases risk for osteoporosis and heart disease
e
how to prevent osteoporosis development in menopausal women
weight bearing exercise
Calcium and vit D supplementation
bimanual palpation
only way to feel the size of the uterus in nonpregnant females
mammograms begin at
age 40
colonoscopy begins at
age 45
gold standard for assessing colon cancer
Q5 years if polyps present
Q10 years if normal
breasts exams begin at
21-22 years
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual flow
pregnancy is most common cause
can be r/t nutritional deficits, lack of ovulation, PCOS, type 1 DM
primary amenorrhea
never got a period (by age 16)
assess hormone and thyroid panels and for structural changes
secondary amenorrhea
a 3-6 month absence of menses after a period of menstruation
criteria for PCOS dx
need 2/3…
polycystic ovaries(US)
signs of increased androgens (unwanted hair growth, acne, belly weight, insulin resistance)
oligovulation (manifested by irregular periods)
dysmenorrhea
painful periods
r/t increased prostaglandin release
prostaglandins
increased motility of uterine musculature in response to ovulation
(causes uterine to contract and cramps)
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
irritability, fatigue, cramping prior to onset of period.
manage w decreased caffeine, sodium, and increased exercise.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
5 days prior to period
severe depression, anxiety, fatigue, mood swings, HA, joint pain
avoid alcohol, sodium, sugar, caffeine
increase fiber
BC pills and SSRIs
endometriosis
presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
SE: severe dysmenorrhea that worsens with age, deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
manage w BC or drugs to decrease cycles
ovary removal or hysterectomy are only cures
oligomenorrhea
decreased menstruation (spotting) or infrequent periods
metrorrhagia
intramenstrual spotting
implantation bleeding
menorrhagia
heavy bleeding or bleeding for very long time
r/t genes or uterine fibroids
monitor H/H and iron
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
cannot find cause
sign of uterine cancer
