Reproductive System

Question 1

smooth muscle distinctions

Answer 1

-sarcolemma cas caveolae
-long time to contract, very low energy requirements
-no sarcomeres or tubules
-no z discs: instead intracellular cytoskeleton
-more actin, less myosin
-have calmodulin instead of troponin
-actin filaments attached to dense bodies
-no neuromuscular junction: Innervating nerves have bulbous swellings called varicosities. Varicosities release neurotransmitters into wide synaptic clefts called diffuse junctions.
-cells joined by gap junctions.
-Time to relaxation is determined in large part by the amount of myosin phosphatase in the cell.
-Ca is pumped back out into ECF or SR by Ca pump, slow acting Ca pump.

Question 2

luteum

Answer 2

yellow

Question 3

embryo

Answer 3

weeks 1-8

Question 4

fetus

Answer 4

week 9 to term

Question 5

AMH secreted by

Answer 5

Sertoli cells (male gonads)

Question 6

Wolffian ducts and development of male genitalia stimulated by

Answer 6

testosterone from leydig cells

Question 7

peg cells

Answer 7

secrete lipids and glycogen in the fallopian tubes to support the fertilized egg

Question 8

testosterone produced by

Answer 8

leydig cells in testes

Question 9

germ cells in _____ produce ______

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules; spermatagonia

Question 10

sertoli (aka ___) cells in _______ produce ______

Answer 10

nurse; seminiferous tubules/testes; AMH, inhibin, transferrin, androgen binding horone (NOT testosterone)

Question 11

leydig cells in _____ produce _______

Answer 11

seminiferous tubules; testosterone

Question 12

Sertoli Cells (Nurse cells) functions

Answer 12

1. Maintain blood–testis barrier
   * Isolates seminiferous tubules
2. Support mitosis and meiosis
3. Support spermiogenesis
   * Provide nutrients and chemical stimuli for development
   * Phagocytize cytoplasm shed by developing spermatids
4. Secrete inhibin – downregulates FSH synthesis
5. Secrete androgen-binding protein; keeps
   testosterone high (20-200 times higher than blood)
6. Secrete anti-mullerian hormone

Question 13

spermatogenesis

spermiogenesis

Answer 13

process of sperm formation
spermatogonium…primary spermatocyte….secondary spermatocyte….spermatid….sperm

spermatid to sperm = spermiogenesis

Question 14

Trichomoniasis

Answer 14

protozoan parasite – Trichomonas vaginalis,
3.7 million affected, cure with antibiotic

Question 15

Syphilis

Answer 15

caused by bacteria Treponema pallidum, can cure with
antibiotic but won’t undo damage if already done

Question 16

Genital HPV infection

Answer 16

virus, Human papillomavirus most common STI in the US. Nearly all sexually active men and women get this at some point in their lives. Vaccine can stop these problems from happening. All men and women should be vaccinated. Can cause genital warts. Vaccination
can prevent cervical cancer in women. HPV is the main
cause of cervical cancer in women causing 528,000 cases of cervical cancer and 266,000 cervical cancer deaths each year.

Question 17

Gonorrhea

Answer 17

caused the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Roughly 78 to 88 million cases of gonorrhea occur each
year some strains becoming resistant to antibiotics.

Question 18

Chlamydia

Answer 18

caused by gram negative bacteria, Chlamydia
trachomatis. 4-5 million new cases annually worldwide.
Easily cured with antibiotics.

Question 19

Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 19

Most common vaginal infection in women between the ages of 15-44 y

Can increase the risk of getting infected with an STI

In pregnant women, BV can increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight infants

Question 20

In the United States, what is the most
common “notifiable condition” (positive
test results must be reported) reported to
the CDC?

Answer 20

chlamydia