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High School Anatomy and Physiology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

How many deaths per year does prostate cancer cause

A

32,000

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2
Q

What temperature is needed in order for testicles to produce sperm

A

95 degrees fahrenheit

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3
Q

What is the function of the prostate

A

secretes thin alkaline substance which makes up 31% of seminal fluid

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4
Q

Where is sperm made

A

seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

What happens in a vasectomy

A

Vas deferens is cut

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6
Q

What is another word for male gonads

A

testes

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7
Q

What is the most important male fertility factor

A

number of sperm

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8
Q

What is an epididymis and how many are there

A

tubules in scrotum and they store sperm: 2

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9
Q

What is the Vas deferens and how many are there

A

tubes that carry sperm from scrotum to urethra: 2

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10
Q

What are the structures that produce semen/seminal fluid

A

pair of seminal vesticles, prostate, pair of bulbourethral(cowper’s) glands

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11
Q

What is the pH of sperm and what does it counteract

A

7.5, counteracts the acidity of the vagina

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12
Q

Is sperm a base, acidic, or neutral

A

base

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13
Q

How much sperm is in an ejaculation

A

400 million

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14
Q

What is the word for making sperm

A

spermatogenesis

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15
Q

What are the functions of the testes

A

spermatogenesis and secretion of hormones

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16
Q

What is testosterone produced by

A

interstitial (Leydig) cells

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17
Q

What does testosterone do

A

promotes “maleness” development, regulate metabolism and development of muscle(protein anabolism), fluid and electrolytes balance(secretes potassium at kidney), inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropins(FSH and LH)

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18
Q

What is capacitation: when does it occur: why is it necessary

A

ripening of sperm, usually after they enter the vagina: necessary for sperm to be able to fertilize the egg

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19
Q

Why is high sperm count necessary for fertilization

A

so enzymes can breakdown cervical mucus allowing sperm to pass through and to digest and allow sperm to penetrate the outer covering of the egg and fertilize it

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20
Q

What is the function of the Vas deferens

A

sperm duct

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21
Q

What are the two gonadotropins

A

FSH and LH

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22
Q

What does FSH do

A

causes seminiferous tubules to produce sperm more rapidly

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23
Q

What does LH do

A

increase secretion of testosterone

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24
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicles

A

secretes liquid, alkaline, thick, viscous, yellowish color

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25
Q

What does alkalinity do

A

helps protect sperm in acidic urethra(male) and vagina

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26
Q

What is the function of the scrotum

A

keeps testes cooler

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27
Q

What is the secretion percentage of testes and epididymis

A

less than 5%

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28
Q

What is the secretion percentage of seminal vesicle

A

59%

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29
Q

What is the secretion percentage of bulbourethal

A

less than 5%

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30
Q

What is the secretion percentage of the prostate

A

31%

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31
Q

What is the essential reproductive organ for males

A

testes

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32
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive systems

A

productions of female gamete, continuation of genetic doe, protection and nutrition of offspring

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33
Q

What is the essential organ for female reproductive system

A

ovary

34
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries

A

produces female gamete/eggs and secreting estrogen and progesterone

35
Q

What is the female gamete

A

ovum/egg

36
Q

What is oogenesis

A

egg production

37
Q

What is the end result of oogenesis

A

ootid and 3 polar bodies

38
Q

What is ovulation

A

release of an egg

39
Q

What is the site of fertilization for a female

A

uterine(Fallopian) tubes

40
Q

What is the site of implantation for the female

A

uterus

41
Q

What is the endometrium

A

mucous membrane

42
Q

What are the walls of the uterus

A

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

43
Q

Where do fertilized eggs embed

A

endometrium

44
Q

During menstruation, what happens and where is it

A

stratum compact and stratum spongiosum shed off; endometrium

45
Q

What is the thick middle layer of the uterus

A

myometrium

46
Q

What is the myometrium made up of

A

3 layers of smooth muscle; no conscious control

47
Q

What does La maze do

A

relaxing the muscles to allow them to work more easily and efficiently

48
Q

What does FSH stand for

A

follicle stimulating hormone

49
Q

Why are the layers in the fundus thick

A

to help push baby out

50
Q

What is labor

A

contraction of muscle

51
Q

How does ovum move through fallopian tubes

A

by cilia

52
Q

If ____________ does not occur, a woman cannot get pregnant

A

follicle development

53
Q

Why does the uterine lining shed once a month

A

to allow the endometrium to renew itself

54
Q

What happens to hormone levels prior to menstruation

A

blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

55
Q

What are 4 changes that take place in the menstruation cycle

A

uterine thickens, ovulation, egg into uterus, loss of egg and uterine tissue expelled out vagina

56
Q

What is the average length of a menstruation cycle

A

28 days

57
Q

When does ovulation occur

A

14 days before the next cycle

58
Q

Why does the endometrium shed

A

because it is not getting nourished

59
Q

What is the name of the first menses occurring at the onset of puberty

A

menarche

60
Q

What is the termination of menstrual cycles, usually occurs at age 50

A

menopause

61
Q

What does FSH and LH stimulate the production of for females

A

estrogen and progesterone

62
Q

What is estrogen

A

female sex hormone, stimulates secondary sexual characteristics

63
Q

What is progesterone

A

prepares uterus for a fertilized egg/ovum

64
Q

What is oxytocin

A

initiates and maintains labor; also releases breast milk into mammary ducts

65
Q

What is prolactin

A

stimulates breast development for lactation

66
Q

How do birth control pills work

A

overload body with estrogen and progesterone, these sustained high levels prevent follicle development; it tricks body into thinking it is pregnant

67
Q

__________ produces one haploid egg and three polar bodies while _______________ produces four haploid sperm

A

oogenesis; spermatogenesis

68
Q

True or false: Eggs can live much longer than sperm; also how long can an egg live

A

false: 24 hours

69
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

fallopian tubes

70
Q

The embryo develops in the

A

placenta

71
Q

Cleavage begins _________ after fertilization

A

immediately

72
Q

What begins with conception and ends with birth

A

prenatal period

73
Q

How does sperm reach the Fallopian tubes

A

swimming

74
Q

What part of the egg attracts sperm with special proteins

A

zona pellucida

75
Q

What happens to the egg immediately after sperm enters

A

there becomes a fertilization barrier so other sperm cannot enter

76
Q

What is the window of fertilization

A

3 days before and 1 1/2 days after ovulation

77
Q

Why is the window of fertilization 3 days before ovulation

A

because sperm can live longer than an egg

78
Q

What is cleavage and when does it occur

A

rapid cell division; immediately after fertilization

79
Q

At 10 days after fertilization, what does it become

A

blastocyst

80
Q

After fertilization, where does the egg go

A

embeds into uterus and develops

81
Q

What is the number of days/months of gestation

A

280 days, 9 months

High School Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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