Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

ovary
shape/size, what does it consist of, what does it produce

A
  • Bean shaped
  • Horse: 4-8cm x 4-6cm (breeding season)
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Ova fossa
  • Produce estrogen
  • Tunica albuginea
  • Ovarian cortex
  • Ovarian medulla
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2
Q

fibrous capsule in ovary

A

protective layer

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3
Q

ova fossa in ovary

A

area where ovulation occurs

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4
Q

tunica albuginea in ovary

A

outer single cell layer

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5
Q

ovarian cortex in ovary

A

oocytes, corpus luteum, corpora albicans

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6
Q

ovarian medulla in ovary

A

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue

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7
Q

where is the ovarian medulla

A

in the ovary in the middle (more on the inside)

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8
Q

where is the ovarian cortex in the ovary

A

more on the outside

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9
Q

inside the ovarian cortex

A
  • Primary oocyte
  • Secondary oocyte within a follicle
  • Graafian follicle (pre-ovulatory follicle)
    –> Ovulation
  • Corpus luteum (gelbkörper)
  • Corpora albicans (degenerating corpus lutea)
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10
Q

uterus
what does it consist of

A
  • A body and two horns
  • Wall consists of three layers
  • Outer: connective tissue layer
  • Middle: muscle layer
  • Inner: mucosa, called endometrium -> epithelial cell layer
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11
Q

uterus functions

A
  • Sperm/semen transport
  • Luteolysis (production PGF2α  breakdown CL)
  • Environment for attachment of embryo
  • Maternal contribution to the placenta
  • Expulsion of the fetus and fetal placenta
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12
Q

cervix

A
  • Thick-walled connective tissue
  • Lined by a series of folds
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13
Q

cervix functions

A
  • Seal/barrier (tightly closed during anestrus)
  • Let sperm pass (flowering, thinner sections)
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14
Q

order of movement of the ovum

A

Ovary, oviduct, uterus horn, uterus body, cervix, vagina, vulva

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15
Q

where does fetilization take place

A

oviduct

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16
Q

how long is the cycle

A

21 days

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17
Q

what happens on day 0 of the cycle

A

ovulation

18
Q

what happens on day 5 of the cycle

A

progesterone level rises

19
Q

what happens on day 16 of the cycle

A

Prostaglandin F2α -> makes CL regress

20
Q

what happens on day 21 of the cycle

A

CL disappears

21
Q

when is LH the highest in the cycle

A

shortly before ovulation

22
Q

when is progesterone the highest in the cycle

A

from day 10 to 17

23
Q

when is oestrogen the highest in the cycle

A

before ovulation

24
Q

when is GnRH the highest in the cycle

A

day 7

25
Q

when is FSH the highest in the cycle

A

it is sometimes higher and sometimes lower like a wave

26
Q

PGF2α

A

Is produced by uterus when there has been no implantation during the luteal phase, acts on corpus luteum to cause luteolysis, forming corpus albicans and stopping the production of progesterone

27
Q

hormonal cycle (9 steps)

A
  1. GnRH from hypothalamus to pituitary
  2. FSH and LH from pituitary stimulate growth of follicle in ovary
  3. Growing follicle produces estrogen
  4. Ovulation: oocyte is released
  5. Rest of follicle forms corpus luteum
  6. CL produces progesterone, wall of uterus grows
  7. If fertilization: egg travels to uterus
  8. If no fertilization: CL will regress (PGF2α acts on CL to form corpus albicans to stop the production of progesterone)
  9. Menstruation takes place (or lining of uterus wall will be reabsorbed)
28
Q

testis

A
  • Primary reproductive organs in the male
  • Production of: spermatozoa, hormones (and proteins), fluids
29
Q

the functional part of the testis cosists of:

A

tubular and intertubular compartment

30
Q

what is in the tubular compartment

A
  • Seminiferous tubules (sperm production):
  • Germ cells -> spermatozoa
  • Sertoli cells -> nursing cells (epithelial cells, support spermatogenesis)
31
Q

what is in the intertubular spaces (4)

A
  • Cells of Leydig (production of testosterone)
  • Capillaries (blood supply)
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Connective tissue
32
Q

what do sertoli cells do

A

nursing cells, support spermatogenesis

33
Q

what do the cells of leydig do

A

production of testosterone

34
Q

spermatic cord

A
  • Transport semen
  • Provide vascular, lymphatic, and ventral connection to the body
  • Provide a heat exchanger (pampiniform plexus = network of veins)
  • House of the cremaster muscle (muscle that surrounds testis and spermatic cord)
35
Q

excurrent duct system

A
  • Allows for final maturation, storage, and delivery of spermatozoa to the urethra. It consists of:
  • epididymal duct
  • vas deferens
  • accessory sex glands
36
Q

epididymal duct (epididymis)

A
  • Head, body, tail
  • Convoluted tubules
  • Stores sperm
  • Drives further sperm maturation
37
Q

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

A
  • Connects testis to urethra
  • Transport of semen
38
Q

functions of the accessory sex glands

A
  • Production of semen fluids
  • Production of semen nutrients
39
Q

seminal plasma is produced by …

A
  • Epididymis
  • Accessory glands:
  • Ampulla
  • Vesicular glands
  • Prostate glands
  • Bulbo-urethral gland (Cowper’s gland)
40
Q

functions of seminal plasma

A
  • Helps transport semen
  • Causes final development of the sperm
  • Provides energy and nutrients for sperm survival