Cell Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- Gel-like fluid inside the cell
- Medium for chemical reaction
- All of the functions for cell expansion, growth, and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm
2
Q
cell membrane
A
- Lipid double layer
- Provides cell structure
- Barrier between intracellular and extracellular fluid (osmosis/sodium potassium pump)
3
Q
nucleus
A
- Storing and copying DNA
- Transferring information to ribosomes
- Decides what protein will be made
- Information center
- “brain” of the cell
4
Q
nucleolus
A
- Spherical structure in the cell’s nucleus
- Produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes
5
Q
golgi complex
A
- Functions as factory where proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, plasma membrane or secretion
6
Q
ER
A
produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
7
Q
lysosomes
A
- Break down excess or worn-out cell parts
- May be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria
8
Q
mitochondria
A
- Membrane-bound organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions
- Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in ATP
9
Q
prokaryotic cells
A
no cell nucleus, only unicellular organelles (bacteria)
10
Q
eukaryotic cells
A
contain membrane-bound organelles, multi-cellular organelles (animal and plant cells)
11
Q
main functions of cells (5)
A
- Provide structure and support
- Facilitate growth
- Produce energy
- Create metabolic reactions
- Reproduction
12
Q
organic compounds of the cell (4)
A
carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
13
Q
carbohydrate
A
cell communication, enables cell to be recognized
14
Q
lipids
A
storage for energy, chemical identifiers for specific membranes
15
Q
proteins
A
- Building molecules
- Provide structure
- Copy DNA and RNA
- Sending and receiving messages (hormones, nerve system)
