Cell Biology Flashcards
Cytoplasm
- Gel-like fluid inside the cell
- Medium for chemical reaction
- All of the functions for cell expansion, growth, and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm
cell membrane
- Lipid double layer
- Provides cell structure
- Barrier between intracellular and extracellular fluid (osmosis/sodium potassium pump)
nucleus
- Storing and copying DNA
- Transferring information to ribosomes
- Decides what protein will be made
- Information center
- “brain” of the cell
nucleolus
- Spherical structure in the cell’s nucleus
- Produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes
golgi complex
- Functions as factory where proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, plasma membrane or secretion
ER
produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
lysosomes
- Break down excess or worn-out cell parts
- May be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria
mitochondria
- Membrane-bound organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions
- Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in ATP
prokaryotic cells
no cell nucleus, only unicellular organelles (bacteria)
eukaryotic cells
contain membrane-bound organelles, multi-cellular organelles (animal and plant cells)
main functions of cells (5)
- Provide structure and support
- Facilitate growth
- Produce energy
- Create metabolic reactions
- Reproduction
organic compounds of the cell (4)
carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
carbohydrate
cell communication, enables cell to be recognized
lipids
storage for energy, chemical identifiers for specific membranes
proteins
- Building molecules
- Provide structure
- Copy DNA and RNA
- Sending and receiving messages (hormones, nerve system)
nucleic acids
carry genetic information which is read in cells to make proteins and RNA
intercellular fluid
the fluid that is contained within a cell
interstitial fluid
the fluid that is between blood vessels and cells
what are tissues?
made of cells wich are similar in structure and function and wich work together to perform a specific activity
what are the four types of tissues?
epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle
epithelial tissue
- Covering all body surfaces
- Line body cavities and hollow organs
- Major tissue in glands
nervous tissue
responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
muscle tissue
- Composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement in body parts
connective tissue
- Form a framework and support organs and the body
- Store fat
- Transport substances
- Protect against diseases and help repair tissue damage
