Digestive System Flashcards
What are the main parts of the digestive system? (8)
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus
main function of the stomach
protein digestion
what does the stomach produce
gastric juice
hydrochloric acid (HCI) in the stomach
what does it do
makes stomach very acidic (pH=2), kill bacteria and denatures protein
small intestines
longest compartment, consisting of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
duodenum
exit of pancreatic and gall bladder ducts, main function: enzymatic digestion
jejunum
absorption
ileum
absorption
large intestine
colon and cecum
colon (large intestine)
is connected to small intestine, main function: reabsorption of water, making feces more solid
cecum
connects to where small intestine and large intestine meet, main function: fermentation of plant materials
rectum
last storage of feces until it can be eliminated
anus
elimination of feces
salivary glands
mechanical digestion (chewing), saliva: lubrication (mucus), chemical digestion of polysaccharides (amylase)
Swallowing transport way
oral cavity -> pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach
pancreas
- Bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acids
- Enzymes for digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
liver
what does it do and main function
production of bile, which is stored in the gall bladder, main function: digestion of fats
gall bladder
stores and releases bile to help digestive system with breaking down fats
main components of food (4)
carbohydrates, proteins, fat, nucleic acids
carbohydrates
- polysaccharides: starch, cellulose
- disaccharides
- monosaccharides (sugar)
proteins
what can be proteins
grain, meat, fish
fat (triglycerides)
oils
nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
how are most nutrients transported
to the blood -> hepatic portal vein -> liver
what does the liver do with blood
it detoxifies the blood before entering the body
how are lipids transported
not through blood! but through lymphatic system
what is the pH in the duodenum
pH 6
what is the pH in internal ileum
7.4
what is the pH in the caecum
5.7
what is the pH in the rectum
6.7
chicken: crop
storage pouch
chicken: proventriculus
granular stomach
chicken: gizzard
muscular, grinds down food with little stones
