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RUSVM Physiology II > Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

_________ placentas have a cotyledon and placentome

A

Cotyledonary placentas have a cotyledon and placentome

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2
Q

_____ anestrus is due to insufficient hormonal stimuli

A

True anestrus is due to insufficient hormonal stimuli

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3
Q

Reproductive hormone(s) produced by the placenta

A

Progesterone

Estradiol

hCG/ eCG

Oxytocin

Prostaglandin F2-Alpha

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4
Q

Before sperm can bind to zona pellucida they must undergo ___________.

A

Before sperm can bind to zona pellucida they must undergo Capacitation.

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5
Q

Phases of differentiation of sperm

A

Golgi Phase

Cap Phase

Acrosome Phase

Maturation Phase

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6
Q

Species that are considered spontaneous ovulators

A

Cow

Sow

Mare

Humans

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7
Q

________ placentas have band like zone of chorionic villi

A

Zonary placentas have band like zone of chorionic villi

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8
Q

T/F: T4, T3 and Catecholamines cannont pass through placentas

A

False. They can pass through placentas with some difficulty

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9
Q

________: not displaying signs of estrus

A

Anestrus: not displaying signs of estrus

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10
Q

Species with Epitheliochorial placentas

A

Sow

Mare

Ruminants

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11
Q

____________ induces embryo growth and maintains pregnancy; secretes progesterone.

A

Corpus Luteum induces embryo growth and maintains pregnancy; secretes progesterone.

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12
Q

_________ of sperm generation involves the transition of spermatogonia to spermatocytes.

A

Proliferation of sperm generation involves the transition of spermatogonia to spermatocytes.

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13
Q

__________: bind to receptor but weak to no biological effect like that of native hormone.

A

Antagonist: bind to receptor but weak to no biological effect like that of native hormone.

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14
Q

___________ placental unit with abundant blood vessels and connective tissue.

A

Cotyledon placental unit with abundant blood vessels and connective tissue.

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15
Q

Reproduction is regulated by coordination between the _______ system and __________ system.

A

Reproduction is regulated by coordination between the nervous system and endocrine system.

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16
Q

Reproductive hormone(s) produced by the hypothalamus

A

GnRH

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17
Q

_________ occurs at the spermatocyte stage of sperm production.

A

Meiosis occurs at the spermatocyte stage of sperm production.

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18
Q

Reproductive hormone(s) produced by the Testis

A

Testosterone

Inhibin

Estradiol

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19
Q

What are the components of a receptor

A

Extracellular domain

Transmembrane domain

Intracellular domain

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20
Q

________ peaks at ovulation (end of the follicular phase)

A

Estradiol peaks at ovulation (end of the follicular phase)

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21
Q

________: bind to specific receptor and have the same biological response as native hormone.

A

Agonist : bind to specific receptor and have the same biological response as native hormone.

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22
Q

__________ placentas have regionalized disc of chorionic villi

A

Discoid placentas have regionalized disc of chorionic villi

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23
Q

____________ : physiological organic substance produced by specialized cells and released into circulatory blood for transport to target tissues to stimulate or inhibit funcion

A

Hormone : Physiological organic substance produced by specialized cells and released into circulatory blood for transport to target tissues to stimulate or inhibit funcion

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24
Q

Immunoglobulins can pass only through ______________ placentas.

A

Immunoglobulins can pass only through endochorial placentas.

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25
Q

Long day breeders cycle in the ________.

A

Long day breeders cycle in the spring.

__________________

Mare

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26
Q

Stage of Estrous Cycle: ________

Sexual Receptivity

Ovulation occurs at the end

Lutenization of theca and granulosa cells

Decreased rectal and vaginal temperature

Increased [Estradiol] induces increased LH

Increased FSH

A

Stage of Estrous Cycle: Estrus

Sexual Receptivity

Ovulation occurs at the end

Lutenization of theca and granulosa cells

Decreased rectal and vaginal temperature

Increased [Estradiol] induces increased LH

Increased FSH

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27
Q

Species with Cotyledonary placentas

A

Cow

Sheep

Goat

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28
Q

Short day breeders cycle in the _________.

A

Short day breeders cycle in the fall.

______________

Ewe

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29
Q

__________ secreted by the placenta act to stimulate fetal growth

A

Placental Lactogens secreted by the placenta act to stimulate fetal growth

30
Q

_______: process to reach reproductive competences

A

Puberty: process to reach reproductive competences

31
Q

_________ phase consists of ovulation to corpus luteum formation.

A

Luteal phase consists of ovulation to corpus luteum formation.

32
Q

___________ of spermatids to spermatogonia is the last step of sperm production.

A

Differentiation of spermatids to spermatogonia is the last step of sperm production.

33
Q

Metestrus and Diestrus are considered the _________ phase

A

Metestrus and Diestrus are considered the Luteal phase

34
Q

Endocrine control is (slower/faster) and longer lasting than neural control.

A

Endocrine control is (slower/faster) and longer lasting than neural control.

35
Q

Species with discoid placentas

A

Humans

Primates

36
Q

Epi- vs Endo- theliochorial placentas are based on

A

Epi- vs Endo- theliochorial placentas are based on the number of layers that separate fetal from maternal blood supply

37
Q

Most important energy component to fetus is _________ which is transported through the placenta freely.

A

Most important energy component to fetus is glucose which is transported through the placenta freely.

38
Q

Polyestrus species

A

Cow

Cat

Sow

Mouse

39
Q

_________: female must experience cervical/vaginal stimulation before ovulation occurs

A

Induced Ovulators: female must experience cervical/vaginal stimulation before ovulation occurs

40
Q

Anestrus can be due to:

A

Pregnancy

Lactation

Season

Etc.

41
Q

Parturation is stimulated by

A

Parturation is stimulated by the fetus’ hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis removing the progesterone block

42
Q

Prostaglandin, Oxytocin and Relaxin from the placenta assist with _________.

A

Prostaglandin, Oxytocin and Relaxin from the placenta assist with parturition.

43
Q

High freqency pulse of GnRH initiates puberty and stimulates an _______ surge.

A

High freqency pulse of GnRH initiates puberty and stimulates an LH surge.

44
Q

_________ anestrus is due to a failure to detect estrus and pregnancy.

A

Apparent anestrus is due to a failure to detect estrus and pregnancy.

45
Q

T/F: Hydrosoluable vitamins pass through the placenta relatively freely.

46
Q

Spermatozoa are released at a __________ rate.

A

Spermatozoa are released at a continuous rate.

47
Q

Species with Zonary placentas

48
Q

Species with Endotheliochorial placentas

49
Q

_________ phase the corpus luteum regresses to ovulation

A

Follicular phase the corpus luteum regresses to ovulation

50
Q

__________ secreted from the placenta acts to maintain the pregnancy.

A

Progesterone secreted from the placenta acts to maintain the pregnancy.

51
Q

____________: females exhibit multiple cycles during specific season of year

A

Seasonal polyestrus: females exhibit multiple cycles during specific season of year

52
Q

Phases of the Estrous Cycle

A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

53
Q

__________: display estrus cycles uniformly distributed throughout the year with no seasonal influence.

A

Polyestrus: display estrus cycles uniformly distributed throughout the year with no seasonal influence.

54
Q

A requirement for puberty to occur is the secreation of _________ in high enough frequency to stimulate gonadotropin release.

A

A requirement for puberty to occur is the secreation of GnRH in high enough frequency to stimulate gonadotropin release.

55
Q

Stage of Estrous Cycle: ___________

Corpus albicans and final maturation of pre-ovulatory follicle

Increased Estradiol

Constant Progesterone

Increased GnRH

Increased LH

A

Stage of Estrous Cycle: Proestrus

Corpus albicans and final maturation of pre-ovulatory follicle

Increased Estradiol

Constant Progesterone

Increased GnRH

Increased LH

56
Q

Proestrus to estrus is considered the _________ phase.

A

Proestrus to estrus is considered the Follicular phase.

57
Q

Species with diffuse placents

58
Q

Important steroid hormones involved in reproduction

A

Progesterone

Estradiol

Testosterone

59
Q

Reproductive hormone(s) produced by the Ovary

A

Estradiol

Progesterone

Inhibin

Testosterone

Relaxin

60
Q

Reproductive endocrine systems are controlled by ______________ mechanisms.

A

Reproductive endocrine systems are controlled by negative or positive feedback mechanisms.

61
Q

Hormones have a (short/long) half-life

A

Hormones have a (short/long) half-life

62
Q

Reproductive hormone(s) produced by the uterus

A

Prostaglandin F2-alpha

63
Q

Stage of Estrous Cycle: __________

Corpus luteum development

Increased Progesterone

A

Stage of Estrous Cycle: Metestrus and Diestrus

Corpus luteum development

Increased Progesterone

64
Q

__________ placentas have uniform distribution of chorionic villi that cover entire surface of choriorion

A

Diffuse placentas have uniform distribution of chorionic villi that cover entire surface of choriorion

65
Q

__________ interphase point of the placenta formed by fetal cotyledon and maternal caruncle.

A

Placentome interphase point of the placenta formed by fetal cotyledon and maternal caruncle.

66
Q

____________: physiological events that occur between successive periods of sexual receptivity

A

Estrous Cycle: physiological events that occur between successive periods of sexual receptivity

67
Q

Reproductive hormone(s) produced by the Pituitary

A

FSH

LH

Prolactin

Oxytocin

68
Q

__________ induces estrus/heat and secretes estradiol.

A

Ovulatory Follicle induces estrus/heat and secretes estradiol.

69
Q

____________ involves the removal of seminal vesical coating and some surface molecules to allow the sperm to attach to the zona pelluicida.

A

Capacitation involves the removal of seminal vesical coating and some surface molecules to allow the sperm to attach to the zona pelluicida.

70
Q

Species that are considered induced ovulators

A

Rabbit

Cat

Ferret

Mink

71
Q

_____________: ovulation brought about by changing endocrine conditions without the need for cervical/vaginal stimulation.

A

Spontaneous Ovulators: ovulation brought about by changing endocrine conditions without the need for cervical/vaginal stimulation.

72
Q

Endometrial cups are found on _______ placentas

A

Endometrial cups are found on equine placentas

RUSVM Physiology II (7 decks)

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