Reproductive Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the sources of gonadotropins? Which two sources are the most frequently used in theriogenology?
Pituitary gland: FSH and LH
Preg mares: ECG (FSH activity)
HCG: pregnant women (LH activity)
Theriogenology: hCGH and ECG
Which of these drugs has the longest plasma half-life? Why?
ECG; it has more CHOs and the glycoproteins resist breakdown
Discuss the positive feedback exerted by estrogens on the hypothalamus - pituitary - ovary axis:
Hypothalamus get estrogen
Hypothalamus releases GnRH
GnRH goes to pit gland and stimulates FSH release
FSH goes to the ovary and stimulates conversion of Estrogen
This continues until the dominate follicle ovulates
What are the actions of FSH?
Females: stimulates development of follicles.
Males: Increases the diameter of seminiferous tubules and increases the development of spermatozoa from spermatids due to increased androgen binding
What are the actions of LH?
Female: ovulation and leutilization: increase in P4 and estrogen
Male: proliferation of Leydig cells = increased testosterone
Females in estrus can release pheromones to stimulate LH release from males and increase testosterone
What are the clinical uses of FSH and LH?
Immunolgocal castration in pigs
Treat ACD in ferrets
Sterilization in wild horses
What are the clinical uses for LH and HCG?
Ovulation control, can be used to treat chronic infertility in females
What are the clinical uses of FSH and eCG?
Breed control = stimulate follicular development to cause estrus
Induction and superovulation
What is a consideration if using repeated interspecies use of eCG and hCG?
Can cause anaphylaxis
What are the actions of GnRH?
E, LH, and FSH stimulate GnRH release, which then stimulates more LH and FSH release
Can induce ovulation and increase conception in female and increase libido in males
What are the clinical uses of GnRH receptor agonists?
Leuprolide acetate is used to treat adrenocorticol disease in ferrets neutered too early
These animals suffer from an overstimulation of FSH and LH
This down regulates GnRH receptors, which decreases FsH and LH
What is the adrenocorticol disease of ferrets? What causes this? What is the mechanism of action by which leuprolide overcomes ACD?
Early neutering causes the ferrets to have excess sex steroids
Leuprolide is a GnRH-R agonist that will decrease GnRH-R
Down regulates sex steroid release
What are the preparations that can be used to treat follicular cysts?
Gonadorelin analog of GnRH; given to cows to induce LH release for the treatment of follicular cysts and induce ovulation
What is the most serious adverse effect of using ECG repeatedly in the same animal?
Anaplylactic shock
What are the actions of estrogen? What are some of the clinical uses?
Stimulate and maintain the repro tract and cause hyperemia, hypertrophy, and edema in the tract during estrus.
Cervical dilation, growth of mammary gland, and increase sexual receptivity
Uses: Estrus induction in anestrus bitches, mismatching therapy
What are the actions of progesterone?
Increase glandular growth after estrogen priming. Prolongs the luteal phase of estrous.
What are some actions of androgens? What are some clinical uses?
Increase libido, spermatogenesis, growth of accessory glands.
Uses: treat impotence and infertility
What would you use to treat urinary incontinence in castrated males?
Androgen