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PHARM EXAM 4 AND FINAL > Clinical NSAIDs > Flashcards

Clinical NSAIDs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 NSAIDs that are safest in cats:

A

Aspirin: low dose every 72 hours (COX 1 selective)
Robenicoxib: Daily oral (COX 2 selective)
Meloxicam: Once via injection (COX 2 selective)

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2
Q

Name the COX 2 selective NSAIDs and why do these drugs spare the GI tract?

A

Coxibs; Have no COX 1 activity so they do not inhibit gastric production in the stomach

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3
Q

Name the NSAID that can be used to treat visceral pain:

A

Flunixin (COX 2 selective)

Preferred drug against colic and is mainly a large animal drug

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4
Q

Name two NSAIDs that can be used vs endotoxemia:

A

Flunixin: preferred NSAID against endotoxicosis

Tepoxaline: Inhibits COX1, COX2, and LOX

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5
Q

Why is Flunixine preferred against endotoxicosis?

A

Doesn’t bind to the LPS/endotoxin

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6
Q

Why would you prescribe Carprofen in dogs and what are the major risks?

A

It’s cheap

Causes reversible hepatotoxicity in labs

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7
Q

Name 2 NSAIDs banned for use in food animals:

A

Phenylbutazone: excreted for a long time

Dipyrone:

DMSO: banned in dairy cattle

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8
Q

What are some general considerations for the profens?

A

Most neprhotoxic group and they are generally non-selective

Ibuprofen not safe for veterinary patients

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9
Q

Why did some of the coxibs get removed from the marketplace?

A

Rofecoxib was withdrawn because of CV issues in humans

It was COX2 selective, which helps maintain vascular integrity

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10
Q

Why is the Rofecoxib issue not an issue with dogs?

A

They are at no real risk to develop CV disease

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11
Q

Name two coxibs that are used in veterinary medicine

A

Deracoxib and Firocoxib: best for long term treatment of inflammation with osteoarthritis.

Robenacoxib: Appears to be tissue-specific and targets joints

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12
Q

Why can Deracoxib and Firocoxib be used in patients with renal disease?

A

It is largely excreted in bile/feces

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13
Q

Name the NSAID that is approved for use in swin:

A

Flunixin

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14
Q

Name the two NSAIDs preferred in horses:

A

Flunixin (COX2 selective)
Phenylbutazone (COX2 selective)
Naproxen
Firocoxib and naproxen can also be used

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15
Q

What is the preferred NSAID in horses?

A

Phenylbutazone

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16
Q

Why is acetaminophen a weak NSAID?

A

Non-selective inhibitor

Binds to COX2 centrally, but not peripherally
Binds to COX3
Does not bind to COX1

17
Q

Why is the route of administation an advantage for MEloxicam?

A

It is an oral suspension tat can be dropped into food or used as a transmucosal spray

18
Q

Why is the route of administration an advantage for robenacoxib/

A

This is available as an injectable

19
Q

What is unique about Tepoxaline? Why is it gastroprotective?

A

Inhibits COX1, COX2, and LOX

Inhibition of LOX makes it gastroprotective

20
Q

What is a unique clinical application of piroxicam?

A

COX 2 selective used in dogs against bladder cancer, specifically transitional cell carcinoma

21
Q

What can piroxicam be combined with?

A

Misoprostol: GI protectant

22
Q

What is the only safe NSAID for long term use in cats?

A

Aspirin: low dose every 72 hours

23
Q

What is the obstacle with long term phenylbutazone tx in horse?

A

They can develop a tolerance to it

24
Q

Describe how ketamine could be an adjunct to treat endotoxicosis

A

Prevents PMN-LPS interaction; can be used with Flunixin

25
Q

Why does aspirin cause such profound bleeding disorders/

A

Selective COX1 inhibition; platelets cannot create more COX1 which is important for aggregation

26
Q

What are some NSAIDs that should not be used in pregnant animals?

A

Carprofen

Ketoprofen

27
Q

Why should Carprofen or Ketoprofen not be used in prehnant animals?

A

Inhibit PGF2alpha, which is needed for partruition, thus prolonging the pregnancy

28
Q

What is the clinical application of DMSO?

A

Inhibits prostaglandins and scavenges free radicals

29
Q

What can DMSO be combined with to treat otic conditions?

A

Corticosteroids

30
Q

What is a precaution with DMSO?

A

Makes everything smell/taste like garlic; prohibited in dariy cows

31
Q

What NSAID is best for long-term use in dogs?

A

Deracoxib and Firocoxib: inflammation and pain of osteoarthritis

32
Q

What are the “profens”?

A

Ibuprofen
Ketoprofen
Carprofen
Naproxen

33
Q

What are the oxicams?

A

Meloxicam (cats and dogs)

Piroxicam (dogs)

34
Q

What are the coxibs?

A

Rofecoxib (BAD in humans)
Deracoxib
Firocoxib
Robenacoxib

35
Q

What are the miscellaneous agents from this lecture?

A

Tepoxaline
Etodolac (CHEAPEST COX2)
DMSO
Dipyrone (banned in FA)

PHARM EXAM 4 AND FINAL (13 decks)

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