Reproductive Imaging

Question 1

What imaging modalities are used to look at the bony pelvis?

Answer 1

X-ray

CT

Question 2

What imaging modalities are used to look at the pelvic organs?

Answer 2

MRI
CT
Special tests e.g. PET, CT and radio-isotope

Question 3

What imaging modalities are used to look at the testes, scrotum and uterus?

Answer 3

US

Question 4

What imaging modalities are used to look at the urethra?

Answer 4

Fluoroscopy with contract

Question 5

What imaging modalities are used to look at the uterine cavity and tube patency?

Answer 5

Hysterosalpingogram (HSP) where you inject contrast agent into the uterine tubes

Question 6

What is a good bony landmark for the pudendal nerve?

Answer 6

Ischial spine

Question 7

Whats another name for the pubic arch?

Answer 7

Ischio-pubic rami

Question 8

What are faecoliths?

Answer 8

Small stones of faecal material in the rectum

Question 9

What are phleboliths?

Answer 9

Calcification in pelvic veins (normal with age)

Question 10

During a hysterosalpingogram (HSP), is spillage into the peritoneal cavity of the contract normal?

Answer 10

Yes a small amount

Question 11

What might you see on a hysterosalpingogram (HSP) if there is an infection or blockage in the uterine tubes?

Answer 11

Dilation of the tubes looking larger than the opposite side

Question 12

What other problems might you see on a hysterosalpingogram (HSP)?

Answer 12

Fusion of uterus
Single uterine horn
2 uterine horns and vaginas
2 uterine horns with 1 vagina
Septation 

May present by not being able to conceive or carry baby to term

Question 13

In cross section, what will the pelvic floor look like?

Answer 13

Pubic bone will look like a block and the rest of the tissue will look like a stretched semi-circle coming from the pubic bone block

Question 14

How can you tell if an organ is in the pelvic cavity or perineal region?

Answer 14

Pelvic organs = anything in pelvic floor shape is in the true pelvic cavity

Perineal organs = anything immediately outside the shape of the pelvic floor

Question 15

Why might a urethra look wide in a scan?

Answer 15

It is catheterized

Question 16

What is the most important structure for anal continence?

Answer 16

Change of angle due to puborectalis muscle

Question 17

What part of the small intestine tends to look lower on imaging?

Answer 17

Ileum

Question 18

What will the uterus look like in comparison to the bladder in CT imaging?

Answer 18

Lighter

Question 19

What does the vaginal lumen and uterine cavity/endometrium look like on a T2-weighted MRI?

Answer 19

White due to high water:

• Endometrium has blood and fluid in it
• Vagina gel is put into vagina to delineate position of cervix

Question 20

What does the uterus look like in a cross section?

Answer 20

1 x cut kiwi-fruit

Question 21

What foreign object might you see in this region in a CT scan?

Answer 21

T-shaped intra-uterine contraceptive device i.e. coil

Question 22

What can be seen in the penis in cross section i.e. MRI?

Answer 22

The 2 separate tissue bodies:

1. Corpus cavernosum (dark) x 2
2. Corpus spongiosum between them (light) x 2

Question 23

What nerve do you need to be careful of when performing surgeries around the penis?

Answer 23

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 24

What are common pathologies seen in imaging caused by?

Answer 24

Embryological remnants of paramesonephric and mesonephric ducts which can cause cysts