Reproductive Imaging Flashcards
What imaging modalities are used to look at the bony pelvis?
X-ray
CT
What imaging modalities are used to look at the pelvic organs?
MRI
CT
Special tests e.g. PET, CT and radio-isotope
What imaging modalities are used to look at the testes, scrotum and uterus?
US
What imaging modalities are used to look at the urethra?
Fluoroscopy with contract
What imaging modalities are used to look at the uterine cavity and tube patency?
Hysterosalpingogram (HSP) where you inject contrast agent into the uterine tubes
What is a good bony landmark for the pudendal nerve?
Ischial spine
Whats another name for the pubic arch?
Ischio-pubic rami
What are faecoliths?
Small stones of faecal material in the rectum
What are phleboliths?
Calcification in pelvic veins (normal with age)
During a hysterosalpingogram (HSP), is spillage into the peritoneal cavity of the contract normal?
Yes a small amount
What might you see on a hysterosalpingogram (HSP) if there is an infection or blockage in the uterine tubes?
Dilation of the tubes looking larger than the opposite side
What other problems might you see on a hysterosalpingogram (HSP)?
Fusion of uterus Single uterine horn 2 uterine horns and vaginas 2 uterine horns with 1 vagina Septation
May present by not being able to conceive or carry baby to term
In cross section, what will the pelvic floor look like?
Pubic bone will look like a block and the rest of the tissue will look like a stretched semi-circle coming from the pubic bone block
How can you tell if an organ is in the pelvic cavity or perineal region?
Pelvic organs = anything in pelvic floor shape is in the true pelvic cavity
Perineal organs = anything immediately outside the shape of the pelvic floor
Why might a urethra look wide in a scan?
It is catheterized
What is the most important structure for anal continence?
Change of angle due to puborectalis muscle
What part of the small intestine tends to look lower on imaging?
Ileum
What will the uterus look like in comparison to the bladder in CT imaging?
Lighter
What does the vaginal lumen and uterine cavity/endometrium look like on a T2-weighted MRI?
White due to high water:
- Endometrium has blood and fluid in it
- Vagina gel is put into vagina to delineate position of cervix
What does the uterus look like in a cross section?
1 x cut kiwi-fruit
What foreign object might you see in this region in a CT scan?
T-shaped intra-uterine contraceptive device i.e. coil
What can be seen in the penis in cross section i.e. MRI?
The 2 separate tissue bodies:
- Corpus cavernosum (dark) x 2
- Corpus spongiosum between them (light) x 2
What nerve do you need to be careful of when performing surgeries around the penis?
Ilioinguinal nerve
What are common pathologies seen in imaging caused by?
Embryological remnants of paramesonephric and mesonephric ducts which can cause cysts
