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HRM Test 3 > Reproductive Development- Severson > Flashcards

Reproductive Development- Severson Flashcards

1
Q

What gene is responsible for the production of testis-determining factor?

A

SRY gene located on Y chromosome

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2
Q

What causes Kinefelter Syndrome?

A

47, XXY

Due to nondisjunction of the XX homologues

Characterized by infertility, gynecomastia, and impaired sexual maturation

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3
Q

Describe Turner’s Syndrome

A

45, XO

Gonadal dysgenesis

Short stature, webbed neck, broad and shield-like chest, absence of sexual maturation, cardiac and renal anomalies

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4
Q

What does the urogenital ridge arise from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

At what point in development do the gametes migrate from the umbilical vesicle to the genital ridge to give rise to the gonads?

A

5th week

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6
Q

What portion of the developing embryonic mesoderm gives rise to the gonadal or genital ridge?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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7
Q

What transcription factor is responsible for the cortical cords differentiating into seminiferous tubules?

A

Testis-determining factor

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8
Q

What is the most common abnormality of sexual differentiation?

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

Usually due to non-dysjunction of the XX homologues

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT involved in the development of the testes?

A. Genital ridge
B. SRY gene
C. Testis-determining factor 
D. X-chromosome
E. Y-chromosome
A

D. X Chromosome

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10
Q

Which of the following genotypes is characteristic of individuals with Klinefelter syndrome?

A. 46 XY
B. 47 XXY
C. 45 YO 
D. 46 YY
E. 45 XO
A

B. 47 XXY

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11
Q

Which of the following phenotypes is NOT characteristic of individuals with Turner syndrome?

A. Inverted nipples
B. High-arched palate
C. Shield-like chest
D. Short statue
E. Small penis
F. Web neck
A

E. Small Penis

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12
Q

What 3 things make up the developing gonads?

A
  1. Mesothelium (coelomic epitheium)
  2. Mesenchyme (under lying the mesothelium)
  3. Primordial Germ Cells
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13
Q

Describe the path of the primordial germ cells in the developing fetus

A

Primordial germ cells originate in the umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)

Migrate along dorsal mesentery to the genital ridge/ cortical cords

Undergo mitoses during migration

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14
Q

What forms the follicular cells in the female?

A

Primordial cortical cords break apart to form the follicular cells that surround the oogonia

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15
Q

Which of the following serve as the developmental site of the primordial or primitive germ cells?

A. Dorsal mesentery
B. Gonadal ridge
C. Intermediate mesoderm (mesenchyme)
D. Mesothelium
E. Urogenital ridge
F. Umbilical vesicle (Yolk sac)
A

F. Umbilical Vesicle (Yolk Sac)

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16
Q

What parts of the path that sperm travel originate from the cortical cords?

A
  1. Seminferous Tubules
  2. Tubuli recti (straight tubules)
  3. Rete Testis

(Sertoli cells also originate from the cortical cords)

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17
Q

What embryonic derivative forms the epididymis and the efferent ductules?

A

Mesonephric ductules = efferent ductules

Distal part of mesonephric cord = epididymis

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18
Q

What stimulates sertoli cells to secrete MIF?

A

B-hCG

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19
Q

What does MIF do?

A

Blocks development of the paramesonephric duct

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20
Q

What is necessary for the differentiation of the male sexual duct system and external genitalia?

A

Testosterone and androstenedione

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21
Q

Leydig cells develop from….

A

Mesenchyme

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22
Q

Which of the following is derived from the cortical cords?

A. Interstitial cells of Leydig
B. Primary spermatocytes
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Spermatids
E. Spermatogonia
A

C. Seminiferous Tubules

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23
Q

The ductus (vas) deferens) and epididymis are derived from the:

A. Cortical cords
B. Interstitial mesenchyme
C. Mesonephric duct
D. Mesonephric tubules
E. Ureteric bud
A

C. Mesonephric Duct

24
Q

What cells are responsible for anti-mullerian hormone?

A

Sertoli Cells

25
Q

In what stage of cell division is the female gamete of the primordial follicle found?

A

Prophase I of meiosis

26
Q

Where do the caudal ends of the paramesonephric ducts fuse and terminate on?

A

Terminate on the urogenital sinus as the uterovaginal primordium

(cranial ends open into the coelmoic cavity)

27
Q

What forms the uterovaginal primordium?

A

Fusion of paramesonephric ducts

28
Q

Which cell is responsible for producing a hormone that promotes degeneration of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

Sertoli Cells

29
Q

What hormone is responsible for further development of the mesonephric ducts?

A

Testosterone

30
Q

Prostate gland develops as an epithelial outgrowth of….

A

The pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus

31
Q

What structure gives rise to the seminal vesicle?

A

Mesonephric Duct

32
Q

What structure gives rise to the prostate gland?

A

Urogenital Sinus

33
Q

Where does the upper 1/3 of the vagina develop from?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

34
Q

Where does the lower 2/3 of the vagina develop from?

A

Urogenital Sinus

35
Q

Greater vestibular glands (bartholin) are homologuous to what structure in the male?

A

Bulbourethral glands

36
Q

What is gartner’s duct?

A

A part of the mesonephric duct that may be found outside of the uterus and vagina

37
Q

What structure gives rise to the uterine tubes, uterus and upper vagina?

A

Paramesonephric Duct

38
Q

What may cause a double uterus and double vagina?

A

Paramesonephric ducts fail to fuse and each develops a separate uterus

39
Q

What may cause a double uterus with a single vagina?

A

Only the distal end of paramesonephric ducts fuse

40
Q

What causes a bicornuate uterus?

A

Defective fusion of paramesonhpric ducts

41
Q

What causes a uterine septum?

A

Incomplete resorption of tissue in the developing uterus

42
Q

What is a unicornuate uterus?

A

Basically only half a uterus

Only one paramesonephric duct develops

43
Q

What hormone is responsible for the trans-abdominal descent of the testicles?

A

Mullerian Inhibitory Factor

44
Q

What hormone is responsible for the movement of the testicles through the inguinal canal?

A

Testosterone

45
Q

What forms the tunica vaginalis?

A

Processus vaginalis

46
Q

What anchors the testes within the scrotum?

A

Gubernaculum

47
Q

What does the gubernaculum become in the female?

A

Ovarian ligament + round ligament of the uterus

48
Q

What structure gives rise to a congenital hydrocele?

A

Process Vaginalis (incomplete obliteration)

49
Q

Fusion of what forms the spongy urethra?

A

Urogenital folds fuse to form the spongy urethra

50
Q

What is the defect in hypospadias?

A

Failure in fusion or the urogential folds or the ectodermal cord to develop

51
Q

What is the defect in epispadias?

A

Associated with exstrophy of the bladder

Faulty positioning of the genital tubercle

52
Q

What are the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum developed from?

A

Mesenchyme of phallus (genital tubercle)

53
Q

What structure gives rise to the labia minora?

A

Urogenital folds

54
Q

What hormone is responsible for responsible for the clinical condition of female pseudohermaphrodism?

A

Testosterone

55
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

Condition due to lack of androgen receptors

46, XY

But Normal female external phenotype

But possess internal testes

HRM Test 3 (10 decks)

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