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HRM Test 3 > Renal Development- Severson > Flashcards

Renal Development- Severson Flashcards

1
Q

What structure gives rise to ureteric bud?

A

Mesonephric Duct

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2
Q

What structure serves to divide the cloaca?

A

Urorectal Septum

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3
Q

What structure grows into the intermediate mesoderm and initiates formation of the definitive kidney?

A

Ureteric bud

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4
Q

What is the definitive kidney called?

A

Metanephros

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5
Q

What structures arise from the ureteric bud?

A

Ureter
Renal Pelvis
major and minor calyces
Collecting ducts (tubules)

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6
Q

What induces formation of the nephrons from the intermediate mesoderm?

A

Arched collecting ducts

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7
Q

What cells from the glomerulus?

A

Endothelial cells growing into the renal capsule form the glomerulus

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8
Q

Which part of the developing embryo give rise to the nephrogenic and genital ridges?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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9
Q

What does the mesonephric duct form?

A

Ductus deferens and ureteric bud

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10
Q

What structure gives rise to the penile urethra?

A

Urogenital sinus

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11
Q

What structure does the embryonic mesonephric ducts enter?

A

Cloaca (Urogenital Sinus)

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12
Q

What structure is NOT derived from the mesonephros?

A. Appendix of epididymis
B. Ductus Deferens
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal Vesicles
E. Urethra
A

E. Urethra (derived from the urogenital sinus)

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13
Q

The cranial part of the urogenital sinus is continuous with what structure?

A

Allantois

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14
Q

From what structure does the metanephrogenic diverticulum (ureteric bud) appear as a dorsal bud?

A

Mesonephric Duct

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15
Q

Embryologically, each nephron consists of two parts, the metanephric tubule and that derived from the ureteric bud. The two parts become confluent at what kidney structures?

A

Distal tubule and the collecting duct

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16
Q

The unsegmented caudal portion of the intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?

A

Metanephrogenic mesoderm (blastema)

17
Q

The kidneys develop in the pelvic region. Relative growth of the caudal part of the body causes the kidneys to ascend. What causes or stops the ascent of the kidneys?

A

Upper pole of the kidneys comes in contact with the adrenal glands

18
Q

During the kidneys ascent, how do the kidneys rotate?

A

Medially and their hila become medial

19
Q

In the development of the urinary system, the ureters are derived from what developmental structure?

A

Metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud)

20
Q

Where does differentiation of a nephron begin?

A

Segment related to the collecting duct

21
Q

What embryonic structures form the urogenital membrane?

A

Embryonic endoderm and ectoderm

22
Q

What developmental structure gives rise to the female urethra?

A

Urogenital sinus

23
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the most caudal portion of mesonephric ducts is (are) CORRECT?

A. The mesonephric ducts are incorporated into the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder.
B. The mesonephric ducts contribute to the connective tissue of the trigone.
C. The mesonephric ducts in a female fetus, after their migration, degenerate.
D. The mesonephric ducts in a male fetus, migrate caudally and medially to open into the prostatic urethra.
E. All of the above statements are correct

A

E

24
Q

What structure is derived from the allantois after birth?

A

Urachus

25
Q

What causes a horseshoe kidney?

A

A horseshoe kidney results from fusion of the caudal poles of the metanephric kidneys.(metanephric mesoderm)

26
Q

Any condition that interferes with production or drainage of urine in a fetus may lead to what urinary system abnormality?

A

Hydronephrotic kidney
Megaureter
Oligohydramnios
Overdistended urinary bladder

27
Q

Failure of the urethral folds to fuse during embryonic life would be expected to result in what condition?

A

Hypospadias

28
Q

What may result from a persistent open allantois?

A

Urachal Sinus

29
Q

What causes renal agenesis?

A

Due to failure of ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm to interact

30
Q

What serves as the embryonic origin of the renal (Bowman’s) capsule?

A

Metanephric mesoderm (blastema)

31
Q

What is responsible for a duplicated or branched ureter?

A

Bifurcation of the ureteric bud

32
Q

The allantois, extending from the urogenital sinus and into the yolk sac, in the newborn and adult becomes the…

A

Median umbilical ligament

33
Q

What part of the urogenital sinus gives rise to the prostatic urethra in the male and the entire urethra in the females?

A

Pelvic (middle) part

34
Q

What forms the supporting wall of the trigone area in the bladder?

A

Mesonephric duct

35
Q

What is responsible for the presence of a urachal fistula?

A

Patent allantois

36
Q

What is responsible for the occurrence of epispadias and estrophy of the bladder?

A

Failure of lateral folding of the embryo

37
Q

What hormone is overproduced in an individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

Androgens

HRM Test 3 (10 decks)

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