Renal Development- Severson

Question 1

What structure gives rise to ureteric bud?

Answer 1

Mesonephric Duct

Question 2

What structure serves to divide the cloaca?

Answer 2

Urorectal Septum

Question 3

What structure grows into the intermediate mesoderm and initiates formation of the definitive kidney?

Answer 3

Ureteric bud

Question 4

What is the definitive kidney called?

Answer 4

Metanephros

Question 5

What structures arise from the ureteric bud?

Answer 5

Ureter
Renal Pelvis
major and minor calyces
Collecting ducts (tubules)

Question 6

What induces formation of the nephrons from the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 6

Arched collecting ducts

Question 7

What cells from the glomerulus?

Answer 7

Endothelial cells growing into the renal capsule form the glomerulus

Question 8

Which part of the developing embryo give rise to the nephrogenic and genital ridges?

Answer 8

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 9

What does the mesonephric duct form?

Answer 9

Ductus deferens and ureteric bud

Question 10

What structure gives rise to the penile urethra?

Answer 10

Urogenital sinus

Question 11

What structure does the embryonic mesonephric ducts enter?

Answer 11

Cloaca (Urogenital Sinus)

Question 12

What structure is NOT derived from the mesonephros?

A. Appendix of epididymis
B. Ductus Deferens
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal Vesicles
E. Urethra

Answer 12

E. Urethra (derived from the urogenital sinus)

Question 13

The cranial part of the urogenital sinus is continuous with what structure?

Answer 13

Allantois

Question 14

From what structure does the metanephrogenic diverticulum (ureteric bud) appear as a dorsal bud?

Answer 14

Mesonephric Duct

Question 15

Embryologically, each nephron consists of two parts, the metanephric tubule and that derived from the ureteric bud. The two parts become confluent at what kidney structures?

Answer 15

Distal tubule and the collecting duct

Question 16

The unsegmented caudal portion of the intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?

Answer 16

Metanephrogenic mesoderm (blastema)

Question 17

The kidneys develop in the pelvic region. Relative growth of the caudal part of the body causes the kidneys to ascend. What causes or stops the ascent of the kidneys?

Answer 17

Upper pole of the kidneys comes in contact with the adrenal glands

Question 18

During the kidneys ascent, how do the kidneys rotate?

Answer 18

Medially and their hila become medial

Question 19

In the development of the urinary system, the ureters are derived from what developmental structure?

Answer 19

Metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud)

Question 20

Where does differentiation of a nephron begin?

Answer 20

Segment related to the collecting duct

Question 21

What embryonic structures form the urogenital membrane?

Answer 21

Embryonic endoderm and ectoderm

Question 22

What developmental structure gives rise to the female urethra?

Answer 22

Urogenital sinus

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding the most caudal portion of mesonephric ducts is (are) CORRECT?

A. The mesonephric ducts are incorporated into the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder.
B. The mesonephric ducts contribute to the connective tissue of the trigone.
C. The mesonephric ducts in a female fetus, after their migration, degenerate.
D. The mesonephric ducts in a male fetus, migrate caudally and medially to open into the prostatic urethra.
E. All of the above statements are correct

Answer 23

E

Question 24

What structure is derived from the allantois after birth?

Answer 24

Urachus

Question 25

What causes a horseshoe kidney?

Answer 25

A horseshoe kidney results from fusion of the caudal poles of the metanephric kidneys.(metanephric mesoderm)

Question 26

Any condition that interferes with production or drainage of urine in a fetus may lead to what urinary system abnormality?

Answer 26

Hydronephrotic kidney Megaureter Oligohydramnios Overdistended urinary bladder

Question 27

Failure of the urethral folds to fuse during embryonic life would be expected to result in what condition?

Answer 27

Hypospadias

Question 28

What may result from a persistent open allantois?

Answer 28

Urachal Sinus

Question 29

What causes renal agenesis?

Answer 29

Due to failure of ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm to interact

Question 30

What serves as the embryonic origin of the renal (Bowman's) capsule?

Answer 30

Metanephric mesoderm (blastema)

Question 31

What is responsible for a duplicated or branched ureter?

Answer 31

Bifurcation of the ureteric bud

Question 32

The allantois, extending from the urogenital sinus and into the yolk sac, in the newborn and adult becomes the...

Answer 32

Median umbilical ligament

Question 33

What part of the urogenital sinus gives rise to the prostatic urethra in the male and the entire urethra in the females?

Answer 33

Pelvic (middle) part

Question 34

What forms the supporting wall of the trigone area in the bladder?

Answer 34

Mesonephric duct

Question 35

What is responsible for the presence of a urachal fistula?

Answer 35

Patent allantois

Question 36

What is responsible for the occurrence of epispadias and estrophy of the bladder?

Answer 36

Failure of lateral folding of the embryo

Question 37

What hormone is overproduced in an individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Answer 37

Androgens