Reproductive changes in Male Flashcards
What does the testes consist of ?
Seminiferous tubule, production of sperm
What does the seminiferous carry ?
Gamate
What is Gamate in the male ?
Sperm
Where is the sperm produced ?
Sertoli cells and stored in the epidydymis, then it travels from scrotum to the perineal area called Vas deference( long tube)
What is Rete testis ?
It is the collection point, which carries sperm from the seminiferous tubeles to the efferent duct
Where are the sperms deposited or stored ?
in the epidydymis for maturation
if the testes are not desces in boy babies, what can be done ?
Ultrasound
Function of lidwick cells ?
To produce the Male hormone called testostorone
What is sertoli cells ?
production of sperm
What is acrosome ?
It covers the head of the sperm and contain enzymes to help with penetration
Like a CAP
What are the enzymes that acrosome carry?
Hyaluronidase and acrosin
How many chromososme does the nucles carry out ?
23
What does the neck contain that help to make the rest of the tail that is required for the movement?
The neck contain centrioles that forms microtubeles that help to make the rest of the tail for movement
What does the middle portion contain ?
It contain mitochondria that make ATP for locomotion of the sperm
What are the two pieces that the tail is made up of for movement?
Priniclpe piece and End piece
What is the function of tail ?
Motility, allow the sperm to move forward
What is the function of mitochondria in the sperm?
For the sperm to reach the cervix, uterus and fallopian tube, it requires energy and the energy comes from ATP which is produced by the mitochondria
What is the production of sperm called?
How long the process can take upto?
Spermatogensis
65-75 days depend on the individual
What are the stages of production of gamates consist of ?
It consist of 6 stages such as
A spermatogonium
B spermatogonium
Primary Spermatocyte = spermatocyte order 1
Secondary Spermatocyet = spermatocyte order 2
Spermatid
Sperm cell = Spermatazoon
How much does the fertile men ejaculate ?
about 2.5 ml- 3.5 ml which is about 60-80 million active sperms
What is the requirement to confirm infertile men?
If their sperm count is less than < 20 million/ml
What are the other things that would make the person infertile ?
- Opioids may affect the fertility and the mobility
- When the FSH is not sufficient
- When the GH is not sufficient and has not stimulated enough FSH
What are the facts about steroli cells?
It is Large cell with tight barrier
Production of sperm cells
equalent to female granulosa cells
Stimulated by FSH and testestorone
What does the steroli cells inhibit ?
It inhibits GnRH and FSH to decrease sperm production
What are the facts about Leydig cells?
Equivalent to female theca cells
It targets LH
Secrete Testestorone
6mg per day
what does the Leydig cells produce and inhibit ?
Produce Beta (B) endorphins and inhibit effect on the Sertoli cells
What is production of Sperm called ?
Spermatogenesis / spermogenesis
What is the production of ovary called ?
Oogenesis
What are the control of GnRH, FSH and LH ?
There are 2 pathways of negative feedback which control the male hypothalamic pituatory axis in the male
What are the 2 pathways of neg feedback in the male ?
- Within Testis
- HPG axis (inhibition)
What are the origins of male reproductive ?
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior Pituatory
What is the hormone that hypothalamus release ?
GnRH
How does the GnRH gets release ?
Pulsatile form
what does the anterior pituatory hormone release ?
FSH
Which hormone does the sertoli cells produce sperm?
FSH
Which hormone does the Lydig cells produce ?
LH
What is the hardest structure on the outside of the ovum called?
Zona Pellucida ( a very tough structure)
which part of the sperm help with penetration ?
Acrosomes
