Reproductive changes in Male Flashcards

1
Q

What does the testes consist of ?

A

Seminiferous tubule, production of sperm

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2
Q

What does the seminiferous carry ?

A

Gamate

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3
Q

What is Gamate in the male ?

A

Sperm

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4
Q

Where is the sperm produced ?

A

Sertoli cells and stored in the epidydymis, then it travels from scrotum to the perineal area called Vas deference( long tube)

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5
Q

What is Rete testis ?

A

It is the collection point, which carries sperm from the seminiferous tubeles to the efferent duct

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6
Q

Where are the sperms deposited or stored ?

A

in the epidydymis for maturation

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7
Q

if the testes are not desces in boy babies, what can be done ?

A

Ultrasound

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8
Q

Function of lidwick cells ?

A

To produce the Male hormone called testostorone

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9
Q

What is sertoli cells ?

A

production of sperm

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10
Q

What is acrosome ?

A

It covers the head of the sperm and contain enzymes to help with penetration

Like a CAP

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11
Q

What are the enzymes that acrosome carry?

A

Hyaluronidase and acrosin

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12
Q

How many chromososme does the nucles carry out ?

A

23

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13
Q

What does the neck contain that help to make the rest of the tail that is required for the movement?

A

The neck contain centrioles that forms microtubeles that help to make the rest of the tail for movement

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14
Q

What does the middle portion contain ?

A

It contain mitochondria that make ATP for locomotion of the sperm

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15
Q

What are the two pieces that the tail is made up of for movement?

A

Priniclpe piece and End piece

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16
Q

What is the function of tail ?

A

Motility, allow the sperm to move forward

17
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in the sperm?

A

For the sperm to reach the cervix, uterus and fallopian tube, it requires energy and the energy comes from ATP which is produced by the mitochondria

18
Q

What is the production of sperm called?

How long the process can take upto?

A

Spermatogensis

65-75 days depend on the individual

19
Q

What are the stages of production of gamates consist of ?

A

It consist of 6 stages such as
A spermatogonium
B spermatogonium
Primary Spermatocyte = spermatocyte order 1
Secondary Spermatocyet = spermatocyte order 2
Spermatid
Sperm cell = Spermatazoon

20
Q

How much does the fertile men ejaculate ?

A

about 2.5 ml- 3.5 ml which is about 60-80 million active sperms

21
Q

What is the requirement to confirm infertile men?

A

If their sperm count is less than < 20 million/ml

22
Q

What are the other things that would make the person infertile ?

A
  • Opioids may affect the fertility and the mobility
  • When the FSH is not sufficient
  • When the GH is not sufficient and has not stimulated enough FSH
23
Q

What are the facts about steroli cells?

A

It is Large cell with tight barrier

Production of sperm cells

equalent to female granulosa cells

Stimulated by FSH and testestorone

24
Q

What does the steroli cells inhibit ?

A

It inhibits GnRH and FSH to decrease sperm production

25
Q

What are the facts about Leydig cells?

A

Equivalent to female theca cells
It targets LH
Secrete Testestorone
6mg per day

26
Q

what does the Leydig cells produce and inhibit ?

A

Produce Beta (B) endorphins and inhibit effect on the Sertoli cells

27
Q

What is production of Sperm called ?

A

Spermatogenesis / spermogenesis

28
Q

What is the production of ovary called ?

A

Oogenesis

29
Q

What are the control of GnRH, FSH and LH ?

A

There are 2 pathways of negative feedback which control the male hypothalamic pituatory axis in the male

30
Q

What are the 2 pathways of neg feedback in the male ?

A
  1. Within Testis
  2. HPG axis (inhibition)
31
Q

What are the origins of male reproductive ?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Anterior Pituatory
32
Q

What is the hormone that hypothalamus release ?

A

GnRH

33
Q

How does the GnRH gets release ?

A

Pulsatile form

34
Q

what does the anterior pituatory hormone release ?

A

FSH

35
Q

Which hormone does the sertoli cells produce sperm?

A

FSH

36
Q

Which hormone does the Lydig cells produce ?

A

LH

37
Q

What is the hardest structure on the outside of the ovum called?

A

Zona Pellucida ( a very tough structure)

38
Q

which part of the sperm help with penetration ?

A

Acrosomes