reproductive anatomy

Question 1

narrowest point of pelvic inlet

Answer 1

between the ischial spines

Question 2

features of male pelvis

Answer 2

oval and wide pelvic inlet
relatively wide pelvic outlet
relatively cylindrical pelvic cavity
wide sub-pubic angle

Question 3

features of female pelvis

Answer 3

heart shaped pelvic inlet
narrow pelvic inlet
‘funnel shaped’ pelvic cavity, narrow sub-pubic pelvic angle

Question 4

relationship of pelvic floor and perineum

Answer 4

pelvic floor is muscular

perineum is membranous and inferior

Question 5

female pelvic floor features

Answer 5

• urethra and vagina pass through the urogenital hiatus
• levator ani and coccygeus muscles combine at the pelvic diaphragm
• levator ani partly attached to obturator internus muscle

Question 6

features of perineum

Answer 6

• urogenital triangle covered by perineal membrane, membrane passes through pubic and ischial bones
• perineal body = mass of connective tissue at the edge of the membrane, attachment for perineal and pelvic floor muscles

Question 7

overview of ovaries

Answer 7

• develop in abdomen and descend, covered by cuboidal cells
• rupture of Graafian follicle liberate ovum
• collected by uterine tube

Question 8

Graafian follicle

Answer 8

after first meiotic division, before ovulation
large fluid filled antrum
(tertiary follicle)

Question 9

uterine tubes features

Answer 9

• fimbriae of infundibulum are finger-like processes to catch the egg and surround the ovary
• engulfs ovum shed into peritoneal cavity
• ampulla is wide region
• ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus support

Question 10

alignment of uterus

Answer 10

anteflex uterus and anteverted cervix

Question 11

broad ligament

Answer 11

several components
part of peritoneal fold
mesometrium, mesosalpinx, mesovarium

Question 12

female ligaments

Answer 12

pubocervical
uterosacral
transverse (cardinal) cervical ligaments

Question 13

female blood supply

Answer 13

ovarian artery from abdominal aorta
uterine artery from internal iliac (superior to ureter, supplies the uterus, upper vagina, vaginal branch)
internal iliac or branch of uterine artery forms vaginal artery

Question 14

what is the pelvic pain line

Answer 14

above this all structures are covered in parietal peritoneum, sympathetic and visceral afferents (T12-L2), innervated by sensory fibres travelling back with sympathetic nerves

Question 15

innervation to sub-peritoneal structures

Answer 15

pelvic splanchnic
parasympathetic S2-S4
visceral afferent follow along parasympathetic route

Question 16

pudendal nerve

Answer 16

mixed somatic
back to S2-S4
sensation to perineum and distal vagina

Question 17

perineal membrane in females

Answer 17

perineal membrane separates the superficial perineal pouches inferior and the deep perineal pouches superiorly

Question 18

erectile tissue females

Answer 18

crura of clitoris and the body of the clitoris and the bulbs of the vestibule

Question 19

bulbs of vestibule associated with

Answer 19

greater vestibular glands

mucus secreting

Question 20

uterus structure

Answer 20

fundus at top
body
isthmus (neck at the base)
isthmus leads into cervix

Question 21

male urethra features

Answer 21

common channel for urine and semen

spongy (penile), membranous and prostatic parts

Question 22

penis features

Answer 22

three columnar masses if vascular tissue

corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum bound together by connective tissue

Question 23

testis features

Answer 23

seminiferous tubules where spermatozoa are produced -> epididymus for storage
produces testosterone

Question 24

vas deferens features

Answer 24

continuation of epididymus
turns through spermatic cord to reach prostate
joins the seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct

Question 25

prostate features

Answer 25

glands embedded in fibro-muscular connective tissue | urethra runs through

Question 26

sequence of tubules in testes

Answer 26

seminiferous -> rete testes -> epididymus -> vas deferens

Question 27

gubernaculum function

Answer 27

guides the testes to scrotal swelling

Question 28

testis fascia layers

Answer 28

internal spermatic cremasteric fascia and muscle external spermatic fascia

Question 29

testes blood supply

Answer 29

testicular artery from abdominal aorta | veins form the pampiniform venous plexus

Question 30

testes surrounded by

Answer 30

tunic vaginalis

Question 31

vas deferens features

Answer 31

- from mesonephric duct - from tail of epididymus joins spermatic cord, enters the pelvic cavity by the deep inguinal ring - joins with the ampulla of ductus deferens, forming the common ejaculatory duct which opens into the prostatic urethra

Question 32

testes blood supply

Answer 32

artery to ductus deferens from umbilical artery umbilical artery and superior/inferior vesicle arteries from internal iliac venous drainage to vertebral venous plexus

Question 33

prostate features

Answer 33

firm, muscular structure directly medial to bladder can be divided into lobes

Question 34

male superficial perineum

Answer 34

superficial to perineal membrane urethra, corpus cavernosum, crus of penis and bulb of penis ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscle superficial transverse perineal

Question 35

male erectile tissue

Answer 35

crura of penis and corpus cavernosum | bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum

Question 36

neuronal control of erection

Answer 36

parasym S2-S4 via prostatic plexus muscles relax so more blood flow dilation of cavernous spaces of corpora of penis

Question 37

neuronal control of emission and ejaculation

Answer 37

sympathetic and somatic emission = sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle surrounding vas defers, peristaltic contraction of ducts, stimulation of internal urethral sphincter ejaculation = controlled by somatic pudendal nerve

Question 38

blood supply to reproductive organs from

Answer 38

anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

Question 39

blood supply to pelvis

Answer 39

from common iliac, branches into internal | internal branches into umbilical/obturator

Question 40

umbilical artery

Answer 40

blood supply to bladder, through superior vesicular artery

Question 41

obturator artery

Answer 41

adductor muscles of lower limb

Question 42

male specific arteries

Answer 42

inferior vesicular artery supplies inferior surface of bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles

Question 43

female specific arteries

Answer 43

uterine and vaginal arteries (vaginal can branch from uterine)

Question 44

internal pudendal artery

Answer 44

another branch of internal iliac | supplies the perineum and external genitalia