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OB - reproductive anatomy > reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

narrowest point of pelvic inlet

A

between the ischial spines

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2
Q

features of male pelvis

A

oval and wide pelvic inlet
relatively wide pelvic outlet
relatively cylindrical pelvic cavity
wide sub-pubic angle

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3
Q

features of female pelvis

A

heart shaped pelvic inlet
narrow pelvic inlet
‘funnel shaped’ pelvic cavity, narrow sub-pubic pelvic angle

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4
Q

relationship of pelvic floor and perineum

A

pelvic floor is muscular

perineum is membranous and inferior

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5
Q

female pelvic floor features

A
  • urethra and vagina pass through the urogenital hiatus
  • levator ani and coccygeus muscles combine at the pelvic diaphragm
  • levator ani partly attached to obturator internus muscle
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6
Q

features of perineum

A
  • urogenital triangle covered by perineal membrane, membrane passes through pubic and ischial bones
  • perineal body = mass of connective tissue at the edge of the membrane, attachment for perineal and pelvic floor muscles
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7
Q

overview of ovaries

A
  • develop in abdomen and descend, covered by cuboidal cells
  • rupture of Graafian follicle liberate ovum
  • collected by uterine tube
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8
Q

Graafian follicle

A

after first meiotic division, before ovulation
large fluid filled antrum
(tertiary follicle)

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9
Q

uterine tubes features

A
  • fimbriae of infundibulum are finger-like processes to catch the egg and surround the ovary
  • engulfs ovum shed into peritoneal cavity
  • ampulla is wide region
  • ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus support
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10
Q

alignment of uterus

A

anteflex uterus and anteverted cervix

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11
Q

broad ligament

A

several components
part of peritoneal fold
mesometrium, mesosalpinx, mesovarium

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12
Q

female ligaments

A

pubocervical
uterosacral
transverse (cardinal) cervical ligaments

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13
Q

female blood supply

A

ovarian artery from abdominal aorta
uterine artery from internal iliac (superior to ureter, supplies the uterus, upper vagina, vaginal branch)
internal iliac or branch of uterine artery forms vaginal artery

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14
Q

what is the pelvic pain line

A

above this all structures are covered in parietal peritoneum, sympathetic and visceral afferents (T12-L2), innervated by sensory fibres travelling back with sympathetic nerves

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15
Q

innervation to sub-peritoneal structures

A

pelvic splanchnic
parasympathetic S2-S4
visceral afferent follow along parasympathetic route

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16
Q

pudendal nerve

A

mixed somatic
back to S2-S4
sensation to perineum and distal vagina

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17
Q

perineal membrane in females

A

perineal membrane separates the superficial perineal pouches inferior and the deep perineal pouches superiorly

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18
Q

erectile tissue females

A

crura of clitoris and the body of the clitoris and the bulbs of the vestibule

19
Q

bulbs of vestibule associated with

A

greater vestibular glands

mucus secreting

20
Q

uterus structure

A

fundus at top
body
isthmus (neck at the base)
isthmus leads into cervix

21
Q

male urethra features

A

common channel for urine and semen

spongy (penile), membranous and prostatic parts

22
Q

penis features

A

three columnar masses if vascular tissue

corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum bound together by connective tissue

23
Q

testis features

A

seminiferous tubules where spermatozoa are produced -> epididymus for storage
produces testosterone

24
Q

vas deferens features

A

continuation of epididymus
turns through spermatic cord to reach prostate
joins the seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct

25
Q

prostate features

A

glands embedded in fibro-muscular connective tissue

urethra runs through

26
Q

sequence of tubules in testes

A

seminiferous -> rete testes -> epididymus -> vas deferens

27
Q

gubernaculum function

A

guides the testes to scrotal swelling

28
Q

testis fascia layers

A

internal spermatic
cremasteric fascia and muscle
external spermatic fascia

29
Q

testes blood supply

A

testicular artery from abdominal aorta

veins form the pampiniform venous plexus

30
Q

testes surrounded by

A

tunic vaginalis

31
Q

vas deferens features

A
  • from mesonephric duct
  • from tail of epididymus joins spermatic cord, enters the pelvic cavity by the deep inguinal ring
  • joins with the ampulla of ductus deferens, forming the common ejaculatory duct which opens into the prostatic urethra
32
Q

testes blood supply

A

artery to ductus deferens from umbilical artery
umbilical artery and superior/inferior vesicle arteries from internal iliac
venous drainage to vertebral venous plexus

33
Q

prostate features

A

firm, muscular structure
directly medial to bladder
can be divided into lobes

34
Q

male superficial perineum

A

superficial to perineal membrane
urethra, corpus cavernosum, crus of penis and bulb of penis
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscle
superficial transverse perineal

35
Q

male erectile tissue

A

crura of penis and corpus cavernosum

bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum

36
Q

neuronal control of erection

A

parasym S2-S4 via prostatic plexus
muscles relax so more blood flow
dilation of cavernous spaces of corpora of penis

37
Q

neuronal control of emission and ejaculation

A

sympathetic and somatic
emission = sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle surrounding vas defers, peristaltic contraction of ducts, stimulation of internal urethral sphincter
ejaculation = controlled by somatic pudendal nerve

38
Q

blood supply to reproductive organs from

A

anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

39
Q

blood supply to pelvis

A

from common iliac, branches into internal

internal branches into umbilical/obturator

40
Q

umbilical artery

A

blood supply to bladder, through superior vesicular artery

41
Q

obturator artery

A

adductor muscles of lower limb

42
Q

male specific arteries

A

inferior vesicular artery supplies inferior surface of bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles

43
Q

female specific arteries

A

uterine and vaginal arteries (vaginal can branch from uterine)

44
Q

internal pudendal artery

A

another branch of internal iliac

supplies the perineum and external genitalia

OB - reproductive anatomy (4 decks)

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