Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
Nerve supply of the vulva
Pudendal nerve gives branches of inferior rectal branch, divides into perineal nerve and dorsal nerve of the clitoris. Perineal nerve = sensory to the vulva. Dorsal nerve of clitoris = sensory. Sensation from the mons passes via the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves.
What and where is the squamocolumnar junction?
Junction between ectocervix and endocervix. Exterior = squamous epithelium. Interior = columnar epithelium
What is the transformation zone of the cervix?
The area where the columnar epithelium has under gone metaplasia to become squamous epithelium.
What is uterine didelphys?
Uterine malformation where the uterus is paired. Due to failure of fusion of Müllerian ducts
Cause of uterine didelphys
Failure of fusion of the Müllerian duct. Causes double uterine body, cervix and vagina
What % of women have a retroverted uterus?
20%
What is the Manchester operation a correction for?
Retroverted uterus
In early pregnancy what action should be taken if the uterus is retroverted?
None
What are the options for correction of a retroverted uterus?
Gilliam’s ventrosuspension (laparoscopic) Hodge pessary Manchester procedure
What are he ovarian arteries a branch of
Direct branch of abdominal aorta
What vessel does the right ovarian vein drain into
Inferior vena cava
What vessel does the left ovarian vein drain into
Left renal vein then the IVC
What lymph group does the vulva drain to
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
To what lymph group does the cervix drain to
Internal iliac
To what lymph group does the majority of the breast drain to
Pectoral group of axillary lymph nodes
What is the uterine artery a branch off?
Anterior trunk of the Internal iliac artery.
Relation of the uterine artery to the broad ligament and ureter
Lies in the base of the braid ligament. Crosses anterior to the ureter
Where does lymph from the Fallopian tube drain to?
Para-aortic nodes
What is the effect of vaginal doderleins bacteria
Lower vaginal PH
Shape of external cervical os
In primips = circular Multips= slit
What structures prevent prolapse of the uterus and vagina
Uterosacral ligaments Cardinal ligaments Levator ani muscles
What is the cervix composed of
Fibrous tissue
Length of vagina
6-7.5cm anteriorly 9cm posteriorly
What type of epithelium lines the vagina
Stratified squamous epithelium
Venous drainage of the vagina
Vaginal plexus With vaginal vein to internal iliac vein or uterine vein
Arterial supply of the vagina
Vaginal artery and anastomoses with the uterine artery superiorly
Nerve supply of the vagina
Lower part = pudendal nerve, inferior hypogastic and uterovaginal plexuses
Branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
Umbilical Obturator Inferior vesical Middle rectal Internal pudendal Inferior gluteal Uterine Vaginal
Ovarian arteries are branches from where
Direct branch off abdominal aorta
Venous drainage of the right ovary
Direct into inferior Vena cava
Venus drainage of the left ovary
Left renal vein into inferior Vena cava
Which embryological structure is the round ligament of the uterus derived from
Gubernaculum
Lymph drainage of base of cervix
Internal iliac lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage of the distal rectum
Internal iliac nodes
Branches of the pudendal nerve
Inferior rectal nerves Dorsal nerve of the penis / clitoris Perineal nerve
Sensory supply of the perineum
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
To which lymph nodes does lymph from the scrotum and penis first pass?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Duration for spermatogenesis
70-75 days
What hormone controls spermatogenesis
FSH (Testosterone)
What do leydig cells produce
Testosterone
What is the ductus arteriosus
Connection between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta
What substance keeps the ductus arteriosus patent during pregnancy
Prostaglandin E2
How many umbilical arteries and veins
2 arteries 1 vein
What does the ductus venosus do
Connects left umbilical vein with upper inferior vena cava
Where does the foramen ovale connect
Connects right and left atria
What does the embryo have by 4 weeks
Closed neural tube Primitive heart Gill arches 0.5 cm long
At what gestation do limb buds develop
8 weeks
Average length of the newborn in the UK in cm
50 CM
Average weight of a newborn in the UK in KG
3.5 KG
Average head circumference of a new born in the UK in CM
35 CM
Where is the metopic suture
Between the 2 frontal bones
Where is the Sagittal suture
Separates the parietal bones Extends from anterior fontanelle to posterior fontanelle
Where is the Sagittal suture
Separates the parietal bones Extends from anterior fontanelle to posterior fontanelle
Where is the metopic suture
Between the 2 frontal bones
Average head circumference of a new born in the UK in CM
35 CM
Average weight of a newborn in the UK in KG
3.5 KG
Average length of the newborn in the UK in cm
50 CM
At what gestation do limb buds develop
8 weeks
What does the embryo have by 4 weeks
Closed neural tube Primitive heart Gill arches 0.5 cm long
Where does the foramen ovale connect
Connects right and left atria
What does the ductus venosus do
Connects left umbilical vein with upper inferior vena cava
How many umbilical arteries and veins
2 arteries 1 vein
What substance keeps the ductus arteriosus patent during pregnancy
Prostaglandin E2
What is the ductus arteriosus
Connection between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta
