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MBBS / MBChB finals > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Management of bacterial meningitis in pregnancy

A

Cefotaxime 2g iv 4-hourly

Amoxicillin 2g iv 4-hourly

Aciclovir 10mg/kg iv tds if HSV encephalitis suspected

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2
Q

Treatment of abdominal sepsis

A

Cefuroxime 1.5g iv tds

Metronidazole 400mg po tds

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3
Q

Treatment of cholangitis / cholecystitis

A

Ciprofloxacin 750mg po bd
Or
(If severe) Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g iv tds
+ Gentamicin 5mg/kg iv stat

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4
Q

Triple therapy for H. Pylori eradication.

A

Omeprazole 20mg po bd
+ Amoxicillin 1g po bd
+ clarithromycin 500mg po bd

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5
Q

Management of bacterial peritonitis

A

Cefuroxime 1.5g iv tds

+ Metronidazole 500mg iv tds

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6
Q

Treatment of mild / moderate CAP

A

Amoxicillin 500mg PO TDS
Doxycycline 200mg PO BD for 48hrs
then 200mg PO OD

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7
Q

Treatment of severe CAP

A

Benzylpenicillin 1.2-2.4g iv qds

+ Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

OR
Clarithromycin 500mg iv bd

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8
Q

Treatment of infective exacerbation of COPD

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

5-7d

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9
Q

Treatment of aspiration pneumonia

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

+ Metronidazole 400mg po tds
7d

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10
Q

Treatment of mild / moderate HAP

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

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11
Q

Treatment of mild cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin 500mg -1g po qds

or if MRSA-positive
Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs, then 200mg po od

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12
Q

Treatment of infected diabetic ulceration

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg po od

Ciprofloxacin 750mg po bd

Metronidazole 400mg po tds

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13
Q

Treatment of animal / human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav 1.2g iv tds

7-10d

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14
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis of open fracture

A

Co-amoxiclav 1.2g iv tds

3d

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15
Q

Treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g iv qds
+ Clindamycin 1.2g iv qds
+ Metronidazole 500mg iv tds
+ Gentamicin 5mg/kg iv stat (renal function permitting)

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16
Q

Treatment of septic arthritis

A

Benzylpenicillin 1.2g iv qds
+ Flucloxacillin 2g iv qds
+ Sodium fusidate 500mg po tds

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17
Q

TReatment of UTI

A

Trimethoprim 200mg po bd 3 days,

or Nitrofurantoin1 50-100mg po qds 7 days

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18
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis

A

Ciprofloxacin 750mg po bd (400mg iv bd if nil-by-mouth or not absorbing) for 7 days

[+ Gentamicin 5mg/kg iv protocol for up to 48hours if severe sepsis]

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19
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A

Confusion, nausea, arrhythmia, visual disturbance.

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20
Q

Add on therapy for loop diuretic resistant Oedema in HF

A

Thiazide

E.g metolazone

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21
Q

What drugs improve mortality in heart failure?

A

Spironolactone
Beta-blockers (bisoprolol, carvedilol)
ACE Inhibitors / ARB
(Isosorbide dinitrate with hydralazide for Afro-carribeans)

Digoxin DOES NOT
Dobutamine is for SHORT term use only in acute decompensation.

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22
Q

Management of acute severe pulmonary oedema

A

15L O2 NRB
IV morphine 5mg - slowly
IV furosemide 20-40mg - slowly
Sublingual GTN 2 sprays

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23
Q

What does amiodarone do?

A

Prolongs the Q-T interval
Increase the refractory period.

Used to treat VT.

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24
Q

Long term consequences amiodarone?

A 
Brachycardia
Pulmonary fibrosis, 
hepatic fibrosis
Corneal micro-deposits
Photosensitive rash
Thyroid dysfunction
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25
Q

Side effects of beta-blockers

A 
Lightheadedness, syncope, dizziness
Bradycardia
Cool hands and feet
Tiredness
Impotence
Vivid dreams
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26
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Persistent Dry cough
Dizziness
Angio-oedema
Decreased kidney function

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27
Q

Side effects of the digoxin

A 
Dizziness
Blurred or yellow vision
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Skin rash
Gynaecomastia
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28
Q

Side effects of spironolactone

A

Gynaecomastia
Fatigue
Dizziness

29
Q

Side effects of verapamil

A

Constipation
Nausea
Headache

30
Q

Side-effects of nifedipine

A 
Palpitations, 
dizziness, 
feeling faint
Flushing
Nausea, 
indigestion,
constipation, 
diarrhoea
Headache, 
ankle oedema
31
Q

Side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

Gout

32
Q

What is minoxidil

A

Vasodilator

+ scalp solution for hair loss

33
Q

Side effects of hydralazide

A

Drug induced SLE

34
Q

Signs of aminophylline toxicity

A

Nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia.

35
Q

First line treatment of mild CAP

A

Amoxicillin 500mg PO TDS

36
Q

Antibiotics to treat cellulitis

A

Benzylpenicillin

Flucloxicillin

37
Q

First line antibiotic for meningitis in hospital

A

Cefotaxime

38
Q

Important side effect of carbimazole

A

Agranulocytosis
–> dramatic fall in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils.
Predisposes patient to overwhelming sepsis.

39
Q

Usual trimethoprim dose

A

200mg BD

3-5d for UTI

40
Q

Usual dose of metoclopramide

A

10mg TDS

41
Q

Uses of metoclopramide

A

Antiemetic

Prokinetic

42
Q

Common dose of prednisolone

A

40mg OD

43
Q

Common dose of hydrocortisone

A

100mg IV BD

44
Q

Anaphylaxis dose of adrenaline

A

1mg of 1 in 1000 IM = 1ml

45
Q

Cardiac arrest dose of adrenaline

A

1mg of 1 in 10,000 IV = 10 ml

46
Q

What is Reye’s syndrome + it’s cause

A

Fatty infiltration of the liver
Severe encephalopathy
Coma
40% fatality

Caused by giving aspirin to children

47
Q

Why are patients warned not to drink alcohol with metronidazole

A

Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

Causes facial flushing, tachycardia, vomiting,

48
Q

What are amphetamines used to treat

A

Narcolepsy

49
Q

What is donepezil used for

A

Alzheimer’s disease

Anticholinesterase inhibitors - others = rivastigmine, galantamine

50
Q

Treatment of TB meningitis

A

6 months - rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

Further 6 months - rifampicin, isoniadpzid (total 12 months)

51
Q

What is chlordiazepoxide used for

A

Alcohol withdrawal

52
Q

What drug acts by inhibiting the gama-carboxylation of vitamin k dependent clotting factors

A

Warfarin

Factors II, VII, IX, X

53
Q

What is hyoscine used for

And how does it work

A

Used for irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal cramping and motion sickness.
Can reduce gastric and respiratory secretions.

It is an antimuscarinic (anticholinergic)
It has many side effects

54
Q

How does omeprazole work

A

It is a proton pump inhibitor.

Inhibits parietal h+/k+ ATPase proton pumps

55
Q

How do NSAIDs work

A 
Cox inhibitors (cyclo-oxygenase)
Which is responsible for synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
56
Q

Why do NSAIDs increase the risk of gastritis / Peptic ulcer disease

A

Cox inhibition decreases prostaglandin synthesis.
Prostaglandins help regulate gastric acid production.
So a reduction leads to gastric mucosa damage by gastric acid.

57
Q

What patients should not be prescribed NSAIDs

A

Asthmatics
Pts prone to gastritis or peptic ulcer disease
Pts with renal impairment

58
Q

Management of erysipelas

A

2 days IV - flucloxacillin 500 mg QDS
2 weeks oral - flucloxacillin 500mg QDS

Erythromycin 500 mg QDS if penicillin allergic

59
Q

How does adrenaline help in a cardiac arrest

A

Peripheral and splanchnic vasoconstriction diverts blood away from GI tract and skin to the heart and brain.
Increases coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures

60
Q

How does amiodarone work

A

Membrane stabilising drug
Increases the refractory period of the cardiac cycle
Used in VF and VT

61
Q

How does atropine work

A

Antimuscarinic drug
Blocks the vagus nerve
Increases the rate of the SA node and AV node

62
Q

SE of sulfasalazine

A

Oligospermia
Bone marrow suppression
Hepatitis

63
Q

SE of gold treatment

A

Bone marrow suppression

Nephrotic syndrome

64
Q

SE of penicillamine

A

Taste alteration
Nephrotic syndrome
Myasthenia

65
Q

SE of chloroquine

A

Retinopathy

Tinnitus

66
Q

SE of steroids

A 
Weight gain
Thin skin
Easy bruising 
Muscle weakness 
Stretch marks 
Osteoporosis 
Diabetes onset / worsening of existing DM
Hypertension 
Glaucoma 
Cataracts 
Slow wound healing
Increased risk of infection
67
Q

What nutritional supplements may aid wound healing

A 
**vitamin C**
vitamin A
Zinc 
Arginine
Glutamine
Glucosamine
68
Q

Treatment of bacterial meningitis in >18yo

A

Cefotaxime 2g iv 4-hourly

Aciclovir 10mg/kg iv tds if HSV encephalitis suspected

MBBS / MBChB finals (25 decks)

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