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MBBS / MBChB finals > General Anatomy > Flashcards

General Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Superior mesenteric artery pierces what organ?

A

Superior mesenteric artery pierces the

pancreas

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2
Q

At what level does the aorta cross the diaphragm

A

T12

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3
Q

At what level does the epidural space start?

A

From the foramen magnum To S2 - sacral hiatus

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4
Q

Blood supply of the spleen

A

Splenic, superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal arteries.

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5
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

Lateral border = Medial border of sartorius Superior border = inguinal ligament Medial border = adductor longus

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6
Q

Branches of the femoral artery

A

Descending genicular Profunda femoris Superficial and deep external pudendal arteries Superficial epigastric Superficial circumflex iliac

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7
Q

Clinical effect of injury to the femoral nerve

A

Quadriceps muscle weakness –> weak knee extension. Anterior thigh numbness. Decreased / absent knee jerk

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8
Q

Clinical effect of injury to the sciatic nerve

A

Affects all muscles below the knee. Foot drop, loss of knee flexion. Inability to walk. Loss of ankle jerk Normal knee jerk

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9
Q

Contents of the inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord or round ligament Ilioinguinal nerve

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10
Q

Dermatome of Supraclavicular Fossa

A

C3

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11
Q

Dermatome supply of anterior upper arm

A

C5

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12
Q

Dermatome supply of level of the nipple

A

T5

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13
Q

Dermatome supply of level of umbilicus

A

T10

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14
Q

Dermatome supply of medial ante-cubital fossa

A

T1

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15
Q

Dermatome supply of the acromio-clavicular joint

A

C4

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16
Q

Dermatome supply of the axilla

A

T2

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17
Q

Dermatome supply of the ischial tuberosity

A

S3

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18
Q

Dermatome supply of the lateral heel

A

S1

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19
Q

Dermatome supply of the little finger

A

C8

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20
Q

Dermatome supply of the medial femoral condyle

A

L3

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21
Q

Dermatome supply of the medial malleolus

A

L4

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22
Q

Dermatome supply of the mid anterior thigh

A

L2

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23
Q

Dermatome supply of the middle finger

A

C7

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24
Q

Dermatome supply of the perianal area

A

S5

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25
Q

Dermatome supply of the popliteal fossa

A

S2

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26
Q

Dermatome supply of the thumb

A

C6

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27
Q

Dermatome supply over the dorsal 3rd MTPJ of the foot

A

L5

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28
Q

Floor of the femoral triangle

A

Adductor longus Part of adductor brevis Pectineus Iliopsoas

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29
Q

Functions of the phrenic nerve

A

motor to the diaphragm sensory to the fibrous pericardium, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic peritoneum.

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30
Q

How many types of pleura are there + what are they called

A

2 Parietal and visceral

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31
Q

Innervation of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve - C345

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32
Q

Insertion of iliacus

A

Arises from iliac fossa And ASIS

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33
Q

Insertion of the diaphragm

A

Xiphoid cartilage of the sternum, inner surface of the lower 6 ribs Arcuate ligaments posteriorly

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34
Q

Insertion of the diaphragm

A

Xiphoid cartilage of the sternum, inner surface of the lower 6 ribs Arcuate ligaments posteriorly

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35
Q

Insertions of psoas major

A

Deep part - from transverse process of lumbar vertebra 1-5 Superficial part - lateral surfaces of last thoracic vertebrae, L1-5 and discs

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36
Q

Insertions of psoas major

A

Deep part - from transverse process of lumbar vertebra 1-5 Superficial part - lateral surfaces of last thoracic vertebrae, L1-5 and discs

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37
Q

Length of the inguinal canal in adults

A

4cm

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38
Q

Length of the inguinal canal in adults

A

4cm

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39
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the bladder

A

External Iliac nodes Fundus to internal iliac nodes Some to common Iliac and sacral

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40
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the bladder

A

External Iliac nodes Fundus to internal iliac nodes Some to common Iliac and sacral

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41
Q

Muscle of ankle dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

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42
Q

Muscle of ankle dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

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43
Q

Muscle of eversion of the foot

A

Peroneus longus

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44
Q

Muscle of eversion of the foot

A

Peroneus longus

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45
Q

Muscle of extension of distal phalanx of the big toe

A

Extensor hallucis longus

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46
Q

Muscle of extension of distal phalanx of the big toe

A

Extensor hallucis longus

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47
Q

Muscle of hip flexion

A

Iliopsoas

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48
Q

Muscle of hip flexion

A

Iliopsoas

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49
Q

Muscle of knee extension

A

Quadriceps

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50
Q

Muscle of knee extension

A

Quadriceps

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51
Q

Nerve root control of knee-jerk

A

L3/4

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52
Q

Nerve root control of knee-jerk

A

L3/4

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53
Q

Nerve root of the femoral nerve

A

L2-4

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54
Q

Nerve root of the femoral nerve

A

L2-4

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55
Q

Nerve root of the sciatic nerve

A

L4-5, S1-3

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56
Q

Nerve root of the sciatic nerve

A

L4-5, S1-3

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57
Q

Nerve roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3-5

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58
Q

Nerve roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3-5

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59
Q

Position of pancreas in relation to the left kidney

A

Tail of the pancreas crosses the left kidney anteriorly.

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60
Q

Position of pancreas in relation to the left kidney

A

Tail of the pancreas crosses the left kidney anteriorly.

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61
Q

Position of pancreas in relation to the left kidney

A

Tail of the pancreas crosses the left kidney anteriorly.

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62
Q

Position of pancreas in relation to the left kidney

A

Tail of the pancreas crosses the left kidney anteriorly.

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63
Q

Relation of the phrenic nerve to the hilum of the lung

A

Passes anterior

64
Q

Relation of the phrenic nerve to the hilum of the lung

A

Passes anterior

65
Q

Signs and symptoms of femoral nerve injury

A

Weakness of the quadriceps muscle causing weak knee extension Numbness over anterior thigh and medial leg Decreased knee-jerk

66
Q

Signs and symptoms of femoral nerve injury

A

Weakness of the quadriceps muscle causing weak knee extension Numbness over anterior thigh and medial leg Decreased knee-jerk

67
Q

Signs and symptoms of sciatic nerve damage

A

Affects all muscles below the knee causing loss of knee flexion, foot drop and inability to walk Loss of ankle jerk Normal knee jerk

68
Q

Signs and symptoms of sciatic nerve damage

A

Affects all muscles below the knee causing loss of knee flexion, foot drop and inability to walk Loss of ankle jerk Normal knee jerk

69
Q

Symptoms of femoral nerve injury

A

Weakness of quadriceps muscle - weak knee extension Numbness over anterior thigh / medial Reduced / absent knee jerk

70
Q

Symptoms of femoral nerve injury

A

Weakness of quadriceps muscle - weak knee extension Numbness over anterior thigh / medial Reduced / absent knee jerk

71
Q

Symptoms of lateral cutaneous nerve injury / compression

A

Pain - paraesthesia / sensory loss over upper lateral thigh

72
Q

Symptoms of lateral cutaneous nerve injury / compression

A

Pain - paraesthesia / sensory loss over upper lateral thigh

73
Q

Symptoms of sciatic nerve injury

A

A complete lesion affects all muscles of the lower limb. Loss of knee flexion, foot drop, inability to walk. Loss of sensation below the knee laterally. Normal knee jerk, loss of ankle jerk.

74
Q

Symptoms of sciatic nerve injury

A

A complete lesion affects all muscles of the lower limb. Loss of knee flexion, foot drop, inability to walk. Loss of sensation below the knee laterally. Normal knee jerk, loss of ankle jerk.

75
Q

The common bile duct is formed by which 2 ducts

A

The common hepatic duct and cystic duct combine

76
Q

The common bile duct is formed by which 2 ducts

A

The common hepatic duct and cystic duct combine

77
Q

The perineal body is the point of attachment for:

A

Bulbospongiosus Deep transverse perineal muscles External anal sphincter Pubococcygeus Superficial transverse perineal muscles Levator ani

78
Q

The perineal body is the point of attachment for:

A

Bulbospongiosus Deep transverse perineal muscles External anal sphincter Pubococcygeus Superficial transverse perineal muscles Levator ani

79
Q

The right ureter lies in close relation to what structures

A

Descending duodenum Right of the IVC Crossed by right colic and iliocolic vessels Uterine artery Suspensory ligament of the ovary

80
Q

The right ureter lies in close relation to what structures

A

Descending duodenum Right of the IVC Crossed by right colic and iliocolic vessels Uterine artery Suspensory ligament of the ovary

81
Q

To what lymph group does the distal rectum drain to

A

Internal iliac

82
Q

To what lymph group does the distal rectum drain to

A

Internal iliac

83
Q

To which group of nodes does lymph from the hallux first pass?

A

Superficial inguinal

84
Q

To which group of nodes does lymph from the hallux first pass?

A

Superficial inguinal

85
Q

Venous drainage of the bladder

A

Internal iliac veins

86
Q

Wh oh muscles are the hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas Rectus femoris Sartorius Tensor fascia latae

87
Q

What are the 3 cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve

A

Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of the thigh. Saphenous nerve

88
Q

What are the 3 sites of constriction of the ureters

A

Pelvo-ureteric junction Where ureters cross pelvic brim Vesico-ureteric junction

89
Q

What are the borders of the femoral canal

A

Anterior - inguinal ligament Posterior - pectineal ligament Medial - lacunar ligament Lateral - femoral vein

90
Q

What are the borders of the femoral canal

A

Anterior - inguinal ligament Posterior - pectineal ligament Medial - lacunar ligament Lateral - femoral vein

91
Q

What artery pierces the pancreas

A

Superior mesenteric artery

92
Q

The Middle cerebral artery supplies which surface of the brain?

A

Middle cerebral artery supplies the

lateral

surface of the brain

93
Q

What blood vessel supplies the lateral surface of the brain

A

Middle cerebral

94
Q

What does the epidural space contain?

A

Fat Epidural veins (batsons plexus) Small arteries Lymphatics Spinal nerve roots

95
Q

What does the iliopsoas muscle comprise of?

A

2 muscles - iliacus and psoas major

96
Q

What does the internal carotid artery divide into

A

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

97
Q

What does the thymus develop from

A

The endoderm of the third pharyngeal pouch

98
Q

What is he blood supply of the pancreas

A

Splenic artery, superior and infecrior pancreatoduodenal artery

99
Q

What is meralgia paraesthetica

A

Entrapment neuropathy - lateral cutaneous nerve

100
Q

What is the anal reflex?

A

Pin prick of perianal skin causes a reflex contraction of external anal sphincter

101
Q

What is the anal reflex?

A

Pin prick of perianal skin causes a reflex contraction of external anal sphincter

102
Q

What is the diaphragm derived from?

A

Mesoderm Pleuroperitoneal membranes

103
Q

What is the diaphragm derived from?

A

Mesoderm Pleuroperitoneal membranes

104
Q

What is the Epiploic foramen

A

Communicating passage between the greatest sac and the lesser sac of the abdomen

105
Q

What is the Epiploic foramen

A

Communicating passage between the greatest sac and the lesser sac of the abdomen

106
Q

What is the common hepatic duct formed from?

A

The left and right hepatic ducts, join to form the common hepatic duct

107
Q

What is the common hepatic duct formed from?

A

The left and right hepatic ducts, join to form the common hepatic duct

108
Q

What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the ankle reflex

A

S1-2

109
Q

What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the ankle reflex

A

S1-2

110
Q

What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the biceps reflex

A

C5 - 6

111
Q

What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the biceps reflex

A

C5 - 6

112
Q

What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the knee reflex

A

L3 - 4

113
Q

What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the knee reflex

A

L3 - 4

114
Q

What is the pathway of the common bile duct as it descends

A

It passes posterior to the proximal duodenum. Joins with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Varter which empties into the 2nd part of the duodenum. Via the sphincter of Oddi.

115
Q

What is the pathway of the common bile duct as it descends

A

It passes posterior to the proximal duodenum. Joins with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Varter which empties into the 2nd part of the duodenum. Via the sphincter of Oddi.

116
Q

What is the pituitary gland derived from embryologically

A

Anterior -Ectoderm Posterior- neuroderm

117
Q

What is the pituitary gland derived from embryologically

A

Anterior -Ectoderm Posterior- neuroderm

118
Q

What is the rectus sheath composed of?

A

Fibrous condensation of the aponeurotic layers of the anterior abdominal wall

119
Q

What is the rectus sheath composed of?

A

Fibrous condensation of the aponeurotic layers of the anterior abdominal wall

120
Q

What is the sacrum composed of

A

5 fused vertebral bodies

121
Q

What is the sacrum composed of

A

5 fused vertebral bodies

122
Q

What is waldeyers sheath

A

And the investment of muscles surrounding the ureteral opening in the bladder wall

123
Q

What is waldeyers sheath

A

And the investment of muscles surrounding the ureteral opening in the bladder wall

124
Q

What joins the bladder to the umbilicus

A

Remains of the urachus - middle umbilical ligament

125
Q

What joins the bladder to the umbilicus

A

Remains of the urachus - middle umbilical ligament

126
Q

What level does the aorta cross the diaphragm

A

T12

127
Q

What level does the aorta cross the diaphragm

A

T12

128
Q

What lies within the femoral sheath

A

Femoral artery Femoral vein Lymphatics

129
Q

What lies within the femoral sheath

A

Femoral artery Femoral vein Lymphatics

130
Q

What makes up the LOAF muscles

A

Lateral 2 lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis

131
Q

What makes up the LOAF muscles

A

Lateral 2 lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis

132
Q

What muscle is mainly responsible for knee extension

A

Quadriceps

133
Q

What muscle is mainly responsible for knee extension

A

Quadriceps

134
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate

A

LOAF muscles Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres

135
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate

A

LOAF muscles Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres

136
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve supply

A

Triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, abductor pollicis longus

137
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve supply

A

Triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, abductor pollicis longus

138
Q

What never roots mediates the anal reflex

A

S3-4

139
Q

What never roots mediates the anal reflex

A

S3-4

140
Q

What roots supply the pudendal nerve

A

Anterior rami of S2-4

141
Q

What roots supply the pudendal nerve

A

Anterior rami of S2-4

142
Q

What separates the female bladder from the anterior surface of the uterus

A

Vesicouterine excavation

143
Q

What separates the female bladder from the anterior surface of the uterus

A

Vesicouterine excavation

144
Q

What structure is the pancreas pierced by

A

Superior mesenteric artery

145
Q

What structure is the pancreas pierced by

A

Superior mesenteric artery

146
Q

What vessel connects the anterior cerebral arteries

A

Anterior communicating arteries

147
Q

What vessel connects the anterior cerebral arteries

A

Anterior communicating arteries

148
Q

What vessel does the right and left vertebral arteries join to form

A

Basilar arteries

149
Q

What vessel does the right and left vertebral arteries join to form

A

Basilar arteries

150
Q

What vessels do the posterior communicating arteries connect

A

Internal carotid arteries and posterior cerebral

151
Q

What vessels do the posterior communicating arteries connect

A

Internal carotid arteries and posterior cerebral

152
Q

What vessels does the basilar arteries give rise to

A

Posterior cerebral arteries

153
Q

Where does the femoral artery lie

A

Midinguinal point

154
Q

Where is the midinguinal point

A

Midway between symphysis pubis and ASIS

155
Q

Where is the optic chiasm in relation to the pituitary gland

A

Superior

156
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found

A

Hypophyseal fossa in the sphenoid bone

157
Q

Which muscles in the lower limb is mainly responsible for ankle dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

MBBS / MBChB finals (25 decks)

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